Shock initiation and hot spots in plastic-bonded 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB)

Zhang, Wei; Salvati, Lawrence; Akhtar, M. Shaheer; Dlott, Dana D.

doi:10.1063/1.5145216

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Increased timing control brought by all-optical systems, allowing high-precision synchronization, has also triggered the development of more elaborate diagnostic capabilities (e.g. in the Dlott group at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) in shock experiments, including for instance real-time emission spectroscopy (101) and optical pyrometry (102).…”

Section: Laser-launched Flyer Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-velocity micro-projectile impact testing

Veysset

Lee

Hassani

et al. 2021

Applied Physics Reviews

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High-velocity microparticle impacts are relevant to many fields from space exploration to additive manufacturing and can be used to help understand the physical and chemical behaviors of materials under extreme dynamic conditions. Recent advances in experimental techniques for single microparticle impacts have allowed fundamental investigations of dynamical responses of wide-ranging samples including soft materials, nano-composites, and metals, under strain rates up to 10 8 s -1 . Here we review experimental methods for high-velocity impacts spanning 15 orders of magnitude in projectile mass and compare method performances. Next, we present a review of recent studies using the laser-induced particle impact test technique comprising target, projectile, and synergistic target-particle impact response. We conclude by presenting the future perspectives in the field of high-velocity impact. FIG. 1. Impact testing techniques and applications, along with lines of constant characteristic strain rates. All-capital labels are associated with shaded regions of the same color.

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Section: Laser-launched Flyer Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-velocity micro-projectile impact testing

Veysset

Lee

Hassani

et al. 2021

Applied Physics Reviews

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“…Taken together, the reaction of LA within the height of 0.8 mm can only be considered as volume explosion, as discussed in previous work [ 1 ], for lack of an obvious interface between reaction zone and product-expansion zone and complete detonation profile.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detonation growth of explosives has always been the focus and hotspot of detonation and shockwave physics [ 1 , 2 ], which possesses great value for understanding the detonation-reaction mechanism and building reaction models for computer simulations [ 3 ]. Although extensive research has been carried out on detonations with large size, few studies which adequately cover the phenomenon at microscale exist, resulting in a lack of novel insights into the miniaturization of pyrotechnics [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on Detonation Growth of Lead Azide at Microscale

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2022

Micromachines

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Lead azide (LA) is a commonly used primary explosive, the detonation growth of which is difficult to study because it is so sensitive and usually has a small charge size in applications. We used photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) and calibrated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) gauges to reveal the detonation growth in LA, which was pressed in the confinements with controlled heights. The particle-velocity profiles, output pressure, unsteady detonation velocity, reaction time, and reaction-zone width were obtained and analyzed. Three phases of detonation propagation of LA microcharges are discussed. The volume reactions occur at the beginning of detonation in LA microcharges without forming complete shock profiles. Then the shock front is fast with a slow chemistry reaction zone, which is compressed continuously between the height of 0.8 mm and 2.5 mm. Finally, the steady detonation is built at a height of 2.5 mm. The stable detonation velocity and CJ pressure are 4726 ± 8 m/s and 17.12 ± 0.22 GPa. Additionally, the stable reaction zone time and width are 44 ± 7 ns and 148 ± 11 μm. The detailed detonation process has not previously been quantified in such a small geometry.

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“…In addition, the energy performance of TATB is also poor. 8,9 Hence, the development of energetic compounds with suitable sensitivity, excellent energetic performance, and a simple synthesis route is the main research direction in the energetic material field. 10−14 Over the past few decades, the design of energetic compounds with good stability roughly follows the following strategies: (a) since intramolecular/intermolecular hydrogen bonding can enhance the stability of compounds, alternating nitro-amino structures can be formed on the skeletal structure of energetic compounds by introducing amino groups, thus achieving an increase in the stability of compounds; (b) enlarging the conjugation system of the compounds to achieve the goal of improving the thermal stability and decreasing the mechanical sensitivities of the compounds; and (c) conversion of neutral compounds into energetic ionic salts.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, TATB also has a problem that the sensitivity is too low to be triggered. In addition, the energy performance of TATB is also poor. , Hence, the development of energetic compounds with suitable sensitivity, excellent energetic performance, and a simple synthesis route is the main research direction in the energetic material field. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bicyclic High-Energy and Low-Sensitivity Regioisomeric Energetic Compounds Based on Polynitrobenzene and Pyrazoles

Zhang

et al. 2023

Crystal Growth & Design

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With the development of synthetic methodology and crystallography of energetic materials, regiochemistry is becoming popular and vital in the design of versatile energetic compounds as well as in the thorough research on the relationship between structure and property. In this study, two regioisomeric bicyclic energetic compounds based on pyrazole and polynitrobenzene were synthesized simultaneously by a simple synthetic route, and the regioisomers could be purified by a facile approach. It is interesting to note that the ratio of the two compounds changed with temperature. From 80 to 110 °C, the proportion of compound 2 gradually enhanced with the increase in temperature. In addition, the nitramine product of compound 1 was also synthesized. The structural data of compounds 1, 2, and 3 were confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The detonation velocities of the new compounds are in the range of 8436–8788 m s–1 and impact sensitivities are between 15 and 27.5 J, of which compounds 2 and 3 not only present superior sensitivities to those of the classical high-energy explosive RDX (7.5 J) but also exhibit comparable detonation velocities to the measured RDX powder (V D = 8796 m s–1), calculated by EXPLO5 as 8788 and 8526 m s–1, respectively. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 show good thermal stability with decomposition temperatures up to 263 and 287 °C, which is higher than that of RDX (T dec: 204 °C). All of the above information indicates that these compounds are high-energy, low-sensitivity energetic materials featuring prospective applications.

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Shock initiation and hot spots in plastic-bonded 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB)

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

High-velocity micro-projectile impact testing

High-velocity micro-projectile impact testing

Observations on Detonation Growth of Lead Azide at Microscale

Bicyclic High-Energy and Low-Sensitivity Regioisomeric Energetic Compounds Based on Polynitrobenzene and Pyrazoles

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