Shock induced planar deformation structures in quartz from the Ries crater, Germany

Engelhardt, Wolf von; Bertsch, W.

doi:10.1007/bf00377477

Cited by 225 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In other suggested impact craters in China, no detailed investigation of shock effects of quartz and feldspar was reported. The characteristics of PDFs in quartz from the Xiuyan meteorite crater are identical to those revealed in other known impact craters [11,[20][21][22][23][24][25] . The founding of PDFs in this crater confirms an impact-related origin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…PFs are also thin fissures, spaced about 5-10 micrometers or more apart, which are parallel to rational crystallographic planes, such as (0001) or {1011}. PFs form at lower pressures than PDFs, and may not provide conclusive evidence of shock metamorphism [20] . In other suggested impact craters in China, no detailed investigation of shock effects of quartz and feldspar was reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact-derived features of the Xiuyan meteorite crater

Chen

2008

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Up to now, 176 meteorite impact craters have been found on the Earth. Among these craters, none of them lies in China. The Xiuyan crater is located in the Liaodong Peninsula of China. This bowl-shaped crater has a diameter of 1.8 km and depth of about 150 m. The impact-derived features include planar deformation features (PDFs) in quartz, shatter cones, impact breccia, and radial valleys on the wall of rim. It is the first confirmed meteorite impact crater in China.meteorite impact crater, shock metamorphism, planar deformation features, quartz, Xiuyan

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact-derived features of the Xiuyan meteorite crater

Chen

2008

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…But, the thickness of the central peak interval represented by this 23-m interval is so small compared with the estimated height of the uplifted peak (3-4 km) that any real attenuation should be slight and is probably obscured by other factors. More likely, the variations are a function of crystal size and orientation and the distribution of other minerals that may buttress the rock's overall response (Engelhardt and Bertsch, 1969) together with the uncertainty as to points of origin of the clasts measured. Thus, PDF parameters are sufficiently sensitive to rock type, shock-wave history, and location of clast sources to make measurements in allochthonous breccias of limited value at best.…”

Section: Shocked Quartzmentioning

confidence: 97%

Petrography of shocked rocks from the central peak at the Manson impact structure

Short¹,

Gold²

1996

Special Paper 302 the Manson Impact Structure Iowa Anatomy of an Impact Crater

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The Manson impact structure is a 36.5-km-wide, well-preserved crater centered 130 km northwest of Des Moines, Iowa, that formed about 74 Ma. Its diverse lithologies (sandstone, shale, carbonate; leucogranite, gabbro/diabase, gneiss, amphibolite) contain a wide range of shock damage. Seventy-six samples from drill hole 2-A (1953, drilled to a total depth of 144 m) and M-1 (1991, to 212 m depth), located on the upper eastern flank of the 12 km (at base) central peak, were analyzed by optical petrography to determine shock index values useful for determining several key aspects of shock level distribution and modes of emplacement. Core samples from the upper half of hole 2-A consist of breccia with clasts comprised mainly of biotite granites, granodiorites, and gneisses; these lithologies also dominate the crystalline basement blocks that make up the lower half of the 2-A core. Planar deformation features (PDFs) in quartz (2-6 sets/crystal) and feldspars occur at all depths; biotite is readily kinked and variably decomposed. A diagnostic shock feature in quartz (uncommon in feldspars), referred to descriptively as "toasting," may be an optical rather than a compositional phenomenon. Subdivision of larger quartz crystals into numerous polygonal interlocked domains (commonly with thin boundaries of clear, post-impact quartz) produces a distinctive polycrystalline texture; individual domains contain PDF sets, many having no continuity of orientations with neighbors. Feldspars may show internal melt flow and recrystallization; alternate albite twins are selectively more shock disordered and subsequently altered.Shock levels are higher in the upper 38 m of the 2-A core, decreasing downward over the next 81 m as the drill hole passed through the lower impact melt breccia into the crystalline rock megablock zone. M-1 units (distinguished overall by fewer PDFs in quartz) are mostly shales (with a few possibly melted clasts) and quartz sandstone (uncommonly with PDFs) in the upper 57 m; below this a 34 m interval of breccia with mainly leucogranite clasts having high shock indexes, characterized by extensive clast recrystallization and matrix glass; then 18 m of light and dark igneous and metamorphic clasts (variably shocked) with a few clasts of shocked sandstones and shales and some devitrified glass; and bottomed by 49 m of amphibole-rich suevite breccias with less obvious shock damage.

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“…These features form upon shock compression and in nature are uniquely associated with shock metamorphism (Stöffl er, 1972;French and Short, 1968;Stöffl er and Langenhorst, 1994;French and Koeberl, 2010). PDFs are composed of narrow, individual planes of amorphous material that are <2 µm thick, comprising straight, parallel sets, spaced 2-10 µm apart, and oriented parallel to rational crystallographic planes (French and Short, 1968;Engelhardt and Bertsch, 1969;Stöffl er and Langenhorst, 1994;French and Koeberl, 2010).…”

Section: Petrographic Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 98%