Shock impedance amplified impact deformation of zircon in granitic rocks from the Chicxulub impact crater

Wittmann, A.; Cavosie, Aaron J.; Timms, Nicholas E.; Ferrière, L.; Rae, Auriol S. P.; Rasmussen, Cornelia; Ross, C.; Stöckli, Daniel F.; Schmieder, M.; Kring, D. A.; Zhao, Jun‐Hong; Xiao, Long; Morgan, J. V.; Gulick, S. P. S.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117201

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The minerals surrounding the calcite are likely to be hydrous minerals, because the mass fraction of hydrous minerals in carbonaceous chondrites is several tens of percent (e.g., Britt et al., 2019). Given that the density of calcite (2.6 Mg m −3 ) (e.g., Pierazzo et al., 1998) is similar to hydrous minerals (∼2.5 Mg m −3 ) (e.g., Brookshaw, 1998), the difference in peak pressure between the calcite grains and surrounding materials should be within several percent (Wittmann et al., 2021). As such, calcite grains are highly suitable shock barometers in carbonaceous asteroids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, actual carbonaceous chondrites contain a variety of minerals (e.g., Britt et al., 2019) and pores with finite sizes (e.g., Ostrowski & Bryson, 2019). As such, we need to address the effects of the density contrast between calcite and the surrounding materials (Wittmann et al., 2021) and local pore collapse (Güldemeister et al., 2013) on the peak pressure distributions. Both effects can be neglected in this study because of the following reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shock Recovery With Decaying Compressive Pulses: Shock Effects in Calcite (CaCO₃) Around the Hugoniot Elastic Limit

et al. 2022

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Shock metamorphism of minerals in meteorites provides insights into the ancient Solar System.Calcite is an abundant aqueous alteration mineral in carbonaceous chondrites. Return samples from the asteroids Ryugu and Bennu are expected to contain calcite-group minerals. Although shock metamorphism in silicates has been well studied, such data for aqueous alteration minerals are limited.Here, we investigated the shock effects in calcite with marble using impact experiments at the Planetary Exploration Research Center of Chiba Institute of Technology. We produced decaying compressive pulses with a smaller projectile than the target. A metal container facilitates recovery of a sample that retains its pre-impact stratigraphy. We estimated the peak pressure distributions in the samples with the iSALE shock physics code. The capability of this method to produce shocked grains that have experienced different degrees of metamorphism from a single experiment is an advantage over conventional uniaxial shock recovery experiments. The shocked samples were investigated by polarizing microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. We found that more than half of calcite grains exhibit undulatory extinction when peak pressure exceeds 3 GPa. This shock pressure is one order of magnitude higher than the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) of marble, but it is close to the HEL of a calcite crystal, suggesting that the undulatory extinction records dislocation-induced plastic deformation in the crystal. Finally, we propose a strategy to re-construct the maximum depth of calcite grains in a meteorite parent body, if shocked calcite grains are identified in chondrites and/or return samples from Ryugu and Bennu.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock Recovery With Decaying Compressive Pulses: Shock Effects in Calcite (CaCO₃) Around the Hugoniot Elastic Limit

et al. 2022

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“…The numerical simulations of our experiments suggest that the peak pressures in the granite reached a maximum of about 18 GPa in experiment #494 (Figure 1) and 11 GPa in experiment #505 (Figure S3 in Supporting Information S1). Since natural granite consisting of several mineral phases of slightly different densities was used in the experiments, the actual peak pressure will vary slightly around this average value predicted from the granite ANEOS due to impedance differences (Ogilvie et al, 2011;Wittmann et al, 2021) between high-density phases (biotite and apatite) and phases of lower density (quartz and the feldspars). Using shock Hugoniot data for various relevant minerals as well as granite, we estimate using impedance matching methods an uncertainty in the average peak pressure of about ±5% close to the impacted surfaces (Text S1 and Figure S4 in Supporting Information S1).…”

Section: Peak Pressure Temperature and Strain-rate Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evidence for Shear‐Induced Melting and Generation of Stishovite in Granite at Low (<18 GPa) Shock Pressure

et al. 2023

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Knowledge of the shock behavior of planetary materials is essential to interpret shock metamorphism documented in rocks at hypervelocity impact structures on Earth, in meteorites, and in samples retrieved in space missions. Although our understanding of shock metamorphism has improved considerably within the last decades, the effects of friction and plastic deformation on shock metamorphism of complex, polycrystalline, non‐porous rocks are poorly constrained. Here, we report on shock‐recovery experiments in which natural granite was dynamically compressed to 0.5–18 GPa by singular, hemispherically decaying shock fronts. We then combine petrographic observations of shocked samples that retained their pre‐impact stratigraphy with distributions of peak pressures, temperatures, and volumetric strain rates obtained from numerical modeling to systematically investigate progressive shock metamorphism of granite. We find that the progressive shock metamorphism of granite observed here is mainly consistent with current classification schemes. However, we also find that intense shear deformation during shock compression and release causes the formation of highly localized melt veins at peak pressures as low as 6 GPa, which is an order of magnitude lower than currently thought. We also find that melt veins formed in quartz grains compressed to >10–12 GPa contain the high‐pressure silica polymorph stishovite. Our results illustrate the significance of shear and plastic deformation during hypervelocity impact and bear on our understanding of how melt veins containing high‐pressure polymorphs form in moderately shocked terrestrial impactites or meteorites.

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“…These igneous rocks are thought to have been uplifted from 8 to 10 km depths during crater formation (Morgan et al, 2016). They are extensively fractured and crosscut by impact melt dykes, representing some of the most shocked and damaged rocks in the basin (Christeson et al, 2018) that have witnessed shock regime of approximately 16–20 GPa (Feignon et al, 2020; Wittmann et al, 2021), which is probably slightly higher than shock pressures that affected the Ries crystalline basement samples we studied. Zircon U‐Pb dating of Chixulub basement granitoids yielded ages of 326 ± 5 Ma (Zhao et al, 2020), representing the age of the underlying Late Paleozoic magmatic basement.…”

Section: Planetary Science Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 90%

U‐Pb dating of zircon and monazite from the uplifted Variscan crystalline basement of the Ries impact crater

Tartèse

Endley

Joy

2022

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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Impact crater central peaks and peak ring complexes are important exploration targets for future missions to other planetary bodies, because they provide access to material uplifted from lower crustal levels. Material exposed there could also provide chronological constraints on crater formation events. Therefore, it is essential to understand if uplifted peak material preserves the chronological records of igneous and metamorphic protolith crustal rocks, or if such records are reset during impact events. To investigate this issue, we collected shocked gneiss and granite samples from uplifted crystalline basement megablocks in the 24 km diameter Ries impact crater in Germany, which is dated at ~14.8 Ma. Petrographic observations, electron beam imaging, and Raman spectroscopy suggest that these samples record the peak pressures of ~10-15 GPa. In situ U-Pb dating shows that monazite U-Pb systematics have not been affected by the Ries impact, as gneisses and granites yielded monazite U-Pb dates of ~370 and 330 Ma, consistent with known Variscan metamorphic and magmatic events. The U-Pb systematics of some zircon grains yielded U-Pb dates of approximately 5-10 Ma, which is younger than the age of the Ries impact event. These young dates correspond to U-rich metamict domains and may reflect recent Pb loss and/or U-gain during postimpact hydrothermal alteration or weathering. These observations indicate that dating uplifted crystalline material in impact craters on other bodies might provide useful petrological and chronological constraints on the underlying target rocks rather than directly dating impact events, for which sampling impact melt and impact melt-bearing lithologies should remain the primary target.

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Shock impedance amplified impact deformation of zircon in granitic rocks from the Chicxulub impact crater

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Shock Recovery With Decaying Compressive Pulses: Shock Effects in Calcite (CaCO₃) Around the Hugoniot Elastic Limit

Shock Recovery With Decaying Compressive Pulses: Shock Effects in Calcite (CaCO₃) Around the Hugoniot Elastic Limit

Experimental Evidence for Shear‐Induced Melting and Generation of Stishovite in Granite at Low (<18 GPa) Shock Pressure

U‐Pb dating of zircon and monazite from the uplifted Variscan crystalline basement of the Ries impact crater

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Shock impedance amplified impact deformation of zircon in granitic rocks from the Chicxulub impact crater

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Shock Recovery With Decaying Compressive Pulses: Shock Effects in Calcite (CaCO3) Around the Hugoniot Elastic Limit

Shock Recovery With Decaying Compressive Pulses: Shock Effects in Calcite (CaCO3) Around the Hugoniot Elastic Limit

Experimental Evidence for Shear‐Induced Melting and Generation of Stishovite in Granite at Low (<18 GPa) Shock Pressure

U‐Pb dating of zircon and monazite from the uplifted Variscan crystalline basement of the Ries impact crater

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Product

Resources

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Shock Recovery With Decaying Compressive Pulses: Shock Effects in Calcite (CaCO₃) Around the Hugoniot Elastic Limit

Shock Recovery With Decaying Compressive Pulses: Shock Effects in Calcite (CaCO₃) Around the Hugoniot Elastic Limit