Shock Hugoniot and temperature data for polystyrene obtained with quartz standard

Ozaki, Norimasa; Sano, Takayoshi; Ikoma, Masahiro; Shigemori, K.; Kimura, Tomoaki; Miyanishi, Kohei; Vinci, T.; Ree, Francis H.; Azechi, H.; Endo, Tamio; Hironaka, Yoichiro; Hori, Yasunori; Iwamoto, A.; Kadono, Toshihiko; Nagatomo, Hideo; Nakai, M.; Norimatsu, T.; Okuchi, Takuo; Otani, K.; Sakaiya, T.; Shimizu, Katsuya; Shiroshita, A.; Sunahara, A.; Takahashi, Hirokazu; Kodama, R.

doi:10.1063/1.3152287

Cited by 48 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This means that the estimation of shock velocity by transit time requires corrections taking account of the deceleration rate, and thus it could bring a large uncertainty in U s . Therefore transparent standards have a great advantage for laser-shock experiments, and actually provide a significant improvement in the accuracy of the evaluation of the pressure P and density ρ along the Hugoniot 23,24 . Shock planarity was observed to extend over 400 µm which ensures more than 5 fringes to be available for the Fourier analysis.…”

Section: Results: Shock Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-shock compression and Hugoniot measurements of liquid hydrogen to 55 GPa

et al. 2011

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The principal Hugoniot for liquid hydrogen was obtained up to 55 GPa under laser-driven shock loading. Pressure and density of compressed hydrogen were determined by impedance-matching to a quartz standard. The shock temperature was independently measured from the brightness of the shock front. Hugoniot data of hydrogen provide a good benchmark to modern theories of condensed matter. The initial number density of liquid hydrogen is lower than that for liquid deuterium, and this results in shock compressed hydrogen having a higher compression and higher temperature than deuterium at the same shock pressure.

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Section: Results: Shock Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a streaked optical pyrometer (SOP), the temperature T of shocked hydrogen was measured simultaneously 24,31 . Despite temperature is fundamental to thermodynamics, T is not a part of the RankineHugoniot relations, and thus must be measured separately from shock pressure and density.…”

Section: Results: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-shock compression and Hugoniot measurements of liquid hydrogen to 55 GPa

et al. 2011

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“…Pressure-compression profile of the principal Hugoniot curve of polystyrene derived from this work in comparison with different theoretical and experimental methods: OF-DFT [50], SESAME 7593 [41], Nova [14,15], Omega [20,50] and Gekko [19] for CH, and LEOS 5400 [88] for GDP.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accurate knowledge of the equation of state (EOS) of the hydrocarbon ablator is essential for optimizing experimental designs to achieve desired density and temperature states in a target. Consequently, a number of planar-driven shock wave experiments have been performed on hydrocarbon materials, including polystyrene (CH) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], glow-discharge polymer (GDP) [24][25][26][27][28], and foams [29][30][31][32], to measure the EOS. The highest pressure achieved among these experiments is 40 Mbar [14,15], which is yet not high enough to probe the effects of Kshell ionization on the shock Hugoniot curve.…”

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confidence: 99%

First-principles equation of state and shock compression predictions of warm dense hydrocarbons

et al. 2017

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We use path integral Monte Carlo and density functional molecular dynamics to construct a coherent set of equation of state for a series of hydrocarbon materials with various C:H ratios (2:1, 1:1, 2:3, 1:2, and 1:4) over the range of 0.07 − 22.4 g cm −3 and 6.7 × 10 3 − 1.29 × 10 8 K. The shock Hugoniot curve derived for each material displays a single compression maximum corresponding to K-shell ionization. For C:H=1:1, the compression maximum occurs at 4.7-fold of the initial density and we show radiation effects significantly increase the shock compression ratio above 2 Gbar, surpassing relativistic effects. The single-peaked structure of the Hugoniot curves contrasts with previous work on higher-Z plasmas, which exhibit a two-peak structure corresponding to both K-and L-shell ionization. Analysis of the electronic density of states reveals that the change in Hugoniot structure is due to merging of the L-shell eigenstates in carbon, while they remain distinct for higher-Z elements. Finally, we show that the isobaric-isothermal linear mixing rule for carbon and hydrogen EOSs is a reasonable approximation with errors better than 1% for stellar-core conditions.Introduction. Hydrocarbon ablator materials are of primary importance for laser-driven shock experiments, such as those central to the study of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) [1][2][3] and the measurement of high energy density states relevant to giant planets [4] and stellar objects [5]. Accurate knowledge of the equation of state (EOS) of the hydrocarbon ablator is essential for optimizing experimental designs to achieve desired density and temperature states in a target. Consequently, a number of planar-driven shock wave experiments have been performed on hydrocarbon materials, including polystyrene (CH) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], glow-discharge polymer (GDP) [24][25][26][27][28], and foams [29][30][31][32], to measure the EOS. The highest pressure achieved among these experiments is 40 Mbar [14,15], which is yet not high enough to probe the effects of Kshell ionization on the shock Hugoniot curve. Since the first X-ray scattering results on CH at above 0.1 Gbar (1 Gbar=100 TPa) [33], ongoing, spherically-converging shock experiments using the Gbar platform at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [34][35][36][37][38] and the OMEGA laser [39] will extend measurements of the shock Hugoniot curve of polystyrene to pressures above 0.35 Gbar and into the K-shell ionization regime [40].

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“…Early studies of the polymers of interest to ICF were limited to low-pressure gas-gun data [685][686][687][688][689] and low-precision laser-driven data [690][691][692] for polystyrene. The latter suggested that, above 2 Mbar, CH was considerably less compressible than the models predicted.…”

Section: Equation Of Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

et al. 2015

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The direct-drive, laser-based approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is reviewed from its inception following the demonstration of the first laser to its implementation on the present generation of high-power lasers. The review focuses on the evolution of scientific understanding gained from target-physics experiments in many areas, identifying problems that were demonstrated and the solutions implemented. The review starts with the basic understanding of laser–plasma interactions that was obtained before the declassification of laser-induced compression in the early 1970s and continues with the compression experiments using infrared lasers in the late 1970s that produced thermonuclear neutrons. The problem of suprathermal electrons and the target preheat that they caused, associated with the infrared laser wavelength, led to lasers being built after 1980 to operate at shorter wavelengths, especially 0.35 μm—the third harmonic of the Nd:glass laser—and 0.248 μm (the KrF gas laser). The main physics areas relevant to direct drive are reviewed. The primary absorption mechanism at short wavelengths is classical inverse bremsstrahlung. Nonuniformities imprinted on the target by laser irradiation have been addressed by the development of a number of beam-smoothing techniques and imprint-mitigation strategies. The effects of hydrodynamic instabilities are mitigated by a combination of imprint reduction and target designs that minimize the instability growth rates. Several coronal plasma physics processes are reviewed. The two-plasmon–decay instability, stimulated Brillouin scattering (together with cross-beam energy transfer), and (possibly) stimulated Raman scattering are identified as potential concerns, placing constraints on the laser intensities used in target designs, while other processes (self-focusing and filamentation, the parametric decay instability, and magnetic fields), once considered important, are now of lesser concern for mainline direct-drive target concepts. Filamentation is largely suppressed by beam smoothing. Thermal transport modeling, important to the interpretation of experiments and to target design, has been found to be nonlocal in nature. Advances in shock timing and equation-of-state measurements relevant to direct-drive ICF are reported. Room-temperature implosions have provided an increased understanding of the importance of stability and uniformity. The evolution of cryogenic implosion capabilities, leading to an extensive series carried out on the 60-beam OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], is reviewed together with major advances in cryogenic target formation. A polar-drive concept has been developed that will enable direct-drive–ignition experiments to be performed on the National Ignition Facility [Haynam et al., Appl. Opt. 46(16), 3276 (2007)]. The advantages offered by the alternative approaches of fast ignition and shock ignition and the issues associated with these concepts are described. The lessons learned from target-physics and implosion experiments are taken into account in ignition and high-gain target designs for laser wavelengths of 1/3 μm and 1/4 μm. Substantial advances in direct-drive inertial fusion reactor concepts are reviewed. Overall, the progress in scientific understanding over the past five decades has been enormous, to the point that inertial fusion energy using direct drive shows significant promise as a future environmentally attractive energy source.

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Shock Hugoniot and temperature data for polystyrene obtained with quartz standard

Cited by 48 publications

References 25 publications

Laser-shock compression and Hugoniot measurements of liquid hydrogen to 55 GPa

Laser-shock compression and Hugoniot measurements of liquid hydrogen to 55 GPa

First-principles equation of state and shock compression predictions of warm dense hydrocarbons

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

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