Shock cooling of a red-supergiant supernova at redshift 3 in lensed images

Chen, Wenlei; Kelly, Patrick L.; Oguri, Masamune; Broadhurst, T.; Diego, J. M.; Emami, Najmeh; Filippenko, A. V.; Treu, Tommaso; Zitrin, A.

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05252-5

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Shocks are a universal feature of astrophysical systems, for example supernovae 1,2 , bow shocks in stellar wind 3 , accretion disk around black holes 4 , magnetic-reconnection driven flares 5 , umbral flashes above solar sunspots 6 , to name a few. Typically, shocks are considered to be near-discontinuous jumps in properties of the medium, and are intrinsically linked to heating though adiabatic compression of the medium and non-adiabatic dissipation (which is efficient due to the sharp interface between the upstream and downstream media).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collisional ionisation, recombination, and ionisation potential in two-fluid slow-mode shocks: Analytical and numerical results

Snow

Hillier

2021

A&A

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Context. Shocks are a universal feature of warm plasma environments, such as the lower solar atmosphere and molecular clouds, which consist of both ionised and neutral species. Including partial ionisation leads to the existence of a finite width for shocks, where the ionised and neutral species decouple and recouple. As such, drift velocities exist within the shock that lead to frictional heating between the two species, in addition to adiabatic temperature changes across the shock. The local temperature enhancements within the shock alter the recombination and ionisation rates and hence change the composition of the plasma. Aims. We study the role of collisional ionisation and recombination in slow-mode partially ionised shocks. In particular, we incorporate the ionisation potential energy loss and analyse the consequences of having a non-conservative energy equation. Methods. A semi-analytical approach is used to determine the possible equilibrium shock jumps for a two-fluid model with ionisation, recombination, ionisation potential, and arbitrary heating. Two-fluid numerical simulations are performed using the (PIP) code. Results are compared to the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model and the semi-analytic solution. Results. Accounting for ionisation, recombination, and ionisation potential significantly alters the behaviour of shocks in both substructure and post-shock regions. In particular, for a given temperature, equilibrium can only exist for specific densities due to the radiative losses needing to be balanced by the heating function. A consequence of the ionisation potential is that a compressional shock will lead to a reduction in temperature in the post-shock region, rather than the increase seen for MHD. The numerical simulations pair well with the derived analytic model for shock velocities. Conclusion. Multi-fluid effects can lead to a significant departure from MHD results. The results in this paper are applicable to a wide range of partially ionised plasmas, including the solar chromosphere and molecular clouds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collisional ionisation, recombination, and ionisation potential in two-fluid slow-mode shocks: Analytical and numerical results

Snow

Hillier

2021

A&A

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“…The method can also be used for accurate coadding of JWST images. The algorithm is potentially useful in studying variable stars/ transients in nearby galaxies, in searching for exoplanets through microlensing, and in finding SNe, especially those that are gravitationally lensed by nearby, relatively bright galaxies (e.g., Penny et al 2019;Chen et al 2022c;Yuan et al 2022;Mayker Chen et al 2023;Riess et al 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differencing and Coadding JWST Images with Matched Point-spread Function

Hu,

Wang

2024

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We present an algorithm to derive difference images for data taken with JWST with matched point-spread functions (PSFs). It is based on the saccadic fast Fourier transform method but with revisions to accommodate the rotations and spatial variations of the PSFs. It allows for spatially varying kernels in B-spline form with separately controlled photometric scaling and Tikhonov kernel regularization for harnessing the ultimate fitting flexibility. We present this method using the JWST/NIRCam images of galaxy cluster Abell 2744 acquired in JWST Cycle 1 as the test data. The algorithm can be useful for time-domain source detection and differential photometry with JWST. It can also coadd images of multiple exposures taken at different field orientations. The coadded images preserve the sharpness of the central cores of the PSFs, and the positions and shapes of the objects are matched precisely with B-splines across the field.

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“…Currently, there have been seven confirmed lensed SNe: Quimby et al (2014;PS1-10afx), Kelly et al (2015; "SN Refsdal"), Goobar et al (2017;SN 2016geu), Rodney et al (2021; "SN Requiem"), Kelly et al (2022;AT 2022riv), Goobar et al (2022; "SN Zwicky"), and Chen et al (2022;C22). Out of the seven, four are lensed by a galaxy cluster ("SN Refsdal", "SN Requiem", AT 2022riv, C22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Search for Strongly Lensed Supernovae in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys

Sheu¹,

Huang²,

Cikota³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The introduction of deep wide-field surveys in recent years and the adoption of machine learning techniques have led to the discoveries of O(10 4 ) strong gravitational lensing systems and candidates. However, the discovery of multiply lensed transients remains a rarity. Lensed transients and especially lensed supernovae are invaluable tools to cosmology as they allow us to constrain cosmological parameters via lens modeling and the measurements of their time delays. In this paper, we develop a pipeline to perform a targeted lensed transient search. We apply this pipeline to 5807 strong lenses and candidates, identified in the literature, in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (Dey et al. 2019) Data Release 9 (DR9) footprint. For each system, we analyze every exposure in all observed bands (DECam g, r , and z ). Our pipeline finds, groups, and ranks detections that are in sufficient proximity temporally and spatially. After the first round of inspection, for promising candidate systems, we further examine the newly available DR10 data (with additional i and Y bands). Here we present our targeted lensed supernova search pipeline and seven new lensed supernova candidates, including a very likely lensed supernova -probably a Type Ia -in a system with an Einstein radius of ∼ 1.5 .

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Shock cooling of a red-supergiant supernova at redshift 3 in lensed images

Cited by 16 publications

References 89 publications

Collisional ionisation, recombination, and ionisation potential in two-fluid slow-mode shocks: Analytical and numerical results

Collisional ionisation, recombination, and ionisation potential in two-fluid slow-mode shocks: Analytical and numerical results

Differencing and Coadding JWST Images with Matched Point-spread Function

Retrospective Search for Strongly Lensed Supernovae in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys

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