“…DBS should be transported to the laboratory at ambient temperature within 24 h of collection (19,32 ). Blood, urine, saliva, DNA, or RNA shipped by commercial carrier may encounter extreme seasonal temperatures, and this factor should thus be accounted for in long-term large-scale multinational studies (51,98,99 ). Samples that must be shipped to a processing laboratory cannot be used for the most unstable biomarkers, or processing should begin in the field to ensure stability during transportation (7 ).…”