Shipboard Organic Geochemistry on JOIDES Resolution

Emeis, Kay-Christian; Kvenvolden, Keith A.

doi:10.2973/odp.tn.7.1986

Cited by 82 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Shipboard processing involved estimating organic carbon by difference between total carbon (measured using a Carlo Erba Model NA1500 CHNS analyzer) and inorganic carbon (after liberation of CO 2 by acidification and measuring the gas with a coulometer; Emeis and Kvenvolden, 1986). We estimated organic carbon directly by CHN analysis after acidification to volatilize inorganic carbon (Hedges and Stern, 1984).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between organic carbon preservation and mineral surface area in Amazon Fan (Holes 932A and 942A)

Keil¹,

Tsamakis²,

Wolf³

et al. 1997

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 155 Scientific Results

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Mineral surface area (SA), neutral sugar (aldose) concentrations, and organic carbon content (OC) were measured in two holes from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 155 (Holes 932A and 942A) and compared to analogues from the modern Amazon River and Delta. Nearly all (>90%) of the OC in the ODP holes was tightly associated with the mineral phase; the two phases could not be quantitatively separated after sonication and density fractionation. Organic matter in Holes 932A and 942A can thus be functionally defined as adsorbed. There is a relationship between OC and a sediment transport pathway prior to deposition. When OC is normalized to a mineral surface area (OC:SA), sediments that were rapidly deposited and strongly influenced by the river had average OC:SA ratios of 0.46 and 0.39 mgCm −2 for Holes 932A and 942A. Sediment deposited indirectly through nepheloid transport had lower OC:SA ratios (average 0.32 and 0.24 mgCm −2 ). For comparison, OC:SA ratios of suspended sediments from the Amazon River average 0.67 mgCm −2 , and modern Amazon Delta sediments have a loading of ~0.30 mgCm −2 . Although aldose concentrations in Hole 932A decreased downcore, corresponding molecular compositional patterns do not suggest extensive in situ diagenesis. Rather, the aldose composition throughout Hole 932 lithologic Subunits IIA and IIB is similar to that of fine suspended particulate materials carried by the modern Amazon River, which are largely composed of degraded material derived from plants and riverine microorganisms. The aldose data support isotopic and lignin compositional evidence for a terrestrial-riverine source of organic matter in Unit II of Hole 932A, as suggested by Goñi (this volume).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between organic carbon preservation and mineral surface area in Amazon Fan (Holes 932A and 942A)

Keil¹,

Tsamakis²,

Wolf³

et al. 1997

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 155 Scientific Results

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“…Neopentane was an abundant component of the hydrocarbon gases. The occurrence of significant amounts of neopentane indicates that petroleum generation is at a very early stage and that the hazards to drilling are low (Emeis and Kvenvolden, 1986). 4.…”

Section: Safety Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analytical methods used are outlined in the "Explanatory Notes" (this volume). More detailed descriptions of methods are given in Emeis and Kvenvolden (1986).…”

Section: Organic Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Site 799

1990

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Comments: a Drilling in this hole was conducted during two visits (see text).Ingle, J. C, Jr., Suyehiro, K., von Breymann, M. T., et al., 1990. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 128: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).2 Shipboard Scientific Party is as given in list of participants preceding the contents. Core recovery (%): 106 HOLE 799CDate Oldest sediment cored:Depth (mbsf): 252.5 Nature: diatom clayey mixed sedimentComments: This was a "dedicated" hole to test the sonic core monitor.Principal results: Our objectives at Site 799, located in the KitaYamato Trough were (1) to determine the depositional and tectonic history of the trough as a sedimented failed-rift environment thought to be ideal or typical for the occurrence of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Kuroko or perhaps shale-hosted type and (2) to obtain information about the paleoceanographic history of the Yamato Rise area and the Sea of Japan as a whole.Results at Site 799 are summarized below, and a stratigraphic summary is presented in Figure 1. 1. Before drilling, seismic estimates of the thickness of sediment in the Kita-Yamato Trough indicated up to 1300 m of Miocene to Holocene sediments might be present in the axis of this narrow graben structure. Drilling in the trough, we penetrated 1084 m of lower Miocene through Holocene sediments before an increase in hydrocarbon gases and a fluorescent cut forced us to stop drilling. Post-drilling vertical seismic profile (VSP) analysis indicated that acoustic basement was present about 120 m below the base of Hole 799B (1084 mbsf T.D.), indicating a total sediment thickness of about 1200 m.2. The sedimentary column at Site 799 can be divided into five lithologic units that correspond to variations in composition and depositional style and major post-depositional diagenetic changes. Benthic foraminifers indicate that the entire sediment column at Site 799 was deposited at lower to middle bathyal water depths that were approximately equivalent to the presentday water depth at this site (2084 m). Coarse turbidite sands mark early Miocene deposition in the trough area and indicate close proximity to an insular or continental littoral area and associated terrestrial environments. Middle and upper Miocene intervals are dominated by siliceous claystones, porcellanites, and biosiliceous sediments that include common authigenic carbonate layers and nodules, indicating high surface productivity of both siliceous and calcareous plankton during this period. organic matter indicate episodic deposition under low-oxygen bottom-water masses. Lower Pliocene sediments are rich in diatoms, with higher amounts of fine-grained terrigenous sediment appearing in late Pliocene through Pleistocene time, accompanied by slump deposits, redeposited foraminiferal sands, and volcanic ashes. There are hints of a causal relationship between the appearance of the slump deposits and the occurrence of volcanic ashes.3. The opal-A/opal-CT transition occurs at about 435 mbsf and forms a major lithologic and geochemical bound...

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“…The methods used for these analyses are outlined in the "Explanatory Notes" chapter (this volume). Background and detailed descriptions are given by Emeis and Kvenvolden (1986). For safety considerations, hydrocarbon gases were routinely monitored by using the headspace technique.…”

Section: Carbon Geochemistry Shipboard Carbon Geochemical Analyses Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site 803

1991

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Shipboard Organic Geochemistry on JOIDES Resolution

Abstract: Figure 6. Comparison of results from vacutainer sampling of gas pockets (left) and headspace sampling (right) after heating 10 cm of sediment in an oil bath (70 C for 45 min). Samples of Site 652, ODP Leg 107.

Cited by 82 publications

References 52 publications

Relationships between organic carbon preservation and mineral surface area in Amazon Fan (Holes 932A and 942A)

Relationships between organic carbon preservation and mineral surface area in Amazon Fan (Holes 932A and 942A)

Site 799

Site 803

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