“…Examples are FREDYN (de Kat and Paulling, 1989;McTaggart and de Kat, 2000), LAIDYN (Matusiak, 2007), LAMP (Liut et al, 2002;Shin et al, 2003;Spyrou et al, 2009), NMRIW (Ogawa, 2009), SHIXDOF (Bulian and Francescutto, 2013), TEMPEST (Belknap and Reed, 2010), and the tools developed by Ayaz et al (2006), Lugni (2012, 2013), Grochowalski et al (1998) and Liu and Papanikolaou (2016), among others. Blended tools, were also discussed by Beck and Reed (2001) and, more recently, in the review by Ba ckalov et al (2016).…”