“…Model (P1) is challenging to solve because it has a very large number of integer decision variables [35][36][37][38][39][40]. Given a problem instance, the number of decision variables t k is O (N), where the big-O notation is used, the number of decision variables z ik is O (N • |I|); the number of decision variables y i1 , y i2 , y i3 , y i4 , y i5 , and y i6 is O (N • |I|); the number of decision variables To address model (P1), we propose a heuristic approach below.…”