Ship-Helicopter Operating Limits Prediction Using Piloted Flight Simulation and Time-Accurate Airwakes

Forrest, James S.; Owen, I.; Padfield, Gareth D.; Hodge, Steven J.

doi:10.2514/1.c031525

Cited by 62 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In certain scenarios the performance of a rotor or wing is strongly dependent on interactions with a flow-field generated by both aerodynamic and non-aerodynamic bodies. Examples of such scenarios include wind turbine farms in which the individual turbine wakes interact with one another and with the flow over the surrounding terrain [6,7], and concurrent rotorcraft operations from a flight deck in which the interaction between rotor wakes and the wake generated by the superstructure and deck of the ship impact handling and performance [8]. The range of geometries and the importance of aerodynamic interactions between separated bluff-body wakes and rotor wakes in these cases suggest the use of Navier-Stokes simulation to compute the flow-field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling of an Unsteady Aerodynamics Model with a Computational Fluid Dynamics Solver

et al. 2018

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Coupling of an unsteady aerodynamics model with a computational fluid dynamics solver. Momentum source methods are an efficient means of representing airfoils in Navier-Stokes CFD simulations. Momentum source terms are added to the Navier-Stokes equations instead of resolving the solid boundary of the airfoil with a mesh. These source terms are calculated using an aerodynamics model. This approach is useful where the overall performance and midto far-field influence of a wing or rotor are desired and details of the flow field near the blade are not the objective of the simulation. One example is simulation of rotorcraft operations where the objective may be to assess an operation's feasibility in terms of control margins, rather than to inform rotor design decisions. Coupling an aerodynamics model to a CFD solver is straightforward in cases where the airflow relative to the blade is steady. Unsteady conditions require an unsteady aerodynamics model, complicating the coupling with the CFD solver. A coupling method is proposed whereby the incident velocity is extracted from the CFD solution and corrected using a theory based approximation for the unsteady induced velocity. The steady-state momentum source method is demonstrated for 2D and 3D simulations and the unsteady coupling method is validated against experiments on a pitching airfoil and verified for blade-vortex interactions. The unsteady coupling method enables meaningful incident velocities to be extracted from unsteady flow-fields, as shown by agreement with experiments and simulations using analytical expressions for the incident velocity in place of the CFD solver.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling of an Unsteady Aerodynamics Model with a Computational Fluid Dynamics Solver

et al. 2018

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“…The aircraft design literature recognizes the importance of stakeholders in aircraft design, whether it be the customer [9,10,13], the passenger [11], the manufacturer [13], the airport operators [12,14], or the pilot [18,19]. For instance, McDonald indicate that "in the commercial sector, the voice of the customer is critical" ( [13] p. 741).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first category sought to quantify considerations affecting a range of stakeholders, including passengers, airports, and pilots. These studies focused on quantifying stakeholder considerations to further explore potential design solutions or to compare the considerations quantitatively with more traditional design metrics [11,14,18,19]. Bizinos and Redelinghuys, for example, compared the drag reduction of formation flight with the impact of formation flight on passenger comfort [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Design Teams in the Integration of Stakeholder Considerations

Coso

Pritchett

2015

Journal of Aircraft

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Given the importance of stakeholder considerations to the aircraft's overall mission and lifecycle performance, this work examines how stakeholder requirements are currently incorporated into the aircraft design process. A case study within an aircraft design firm found that human factors specialists are designated to address specific stakeholder considerations within the design process. This research explores how the perspectives of these specialists are integrated into aircraft design teams. Accounts from 25 semistructured interviews were analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques. The results identify differences between the integration of stakeholder considerations within the pilot compartment group compared to other design groups. These differences can be described through six conditions related to group structure and goals, approaches to cross-disciplinary work, and shared language and mediums of translation among disciplines. These results highlight how to promote the integration of stakeholder concerns in complex systems design through the structure of design teams and groups, their goals, their resources, the choice of team members, and training for future and current design team members.

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“…The results illustrate that the RANS solver is capable of predicting the fundamental flow characteristics of ship airwake, although there are some deficiencies in detail simulations of turbulent fluctuation. One-way coupling calculations (Forrest, Owen, & Padfield, 2009;Forrest, Owen, Padfield, & Hodge, 2012;Lee, Sezeruzol, Horn, & Long, 2005;Roper, Owen, Padfield, & Hodge, 2006) refer to simulations that only assume the effect of the ship wake on the helicopter, as commonly used in previous analyses of shipboard landing. However, a large discrepancy has been found in the helicopter control inputs compared with the experimental data, due to the rotor-on-ship effect being ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of coupling ship/rotor flowfield using steady and unsteady rotor methods

Shi

Zong

et al. 2017

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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A coupling numerical methodology has been developed using the Navier-Stokes solver for ship/rotor flowfield simulation during the helicopter shipboard launch. The steady rotor model (SRM) based on the momentum source approach and unsteady rotor model (URM) based on the moving overset mesh method are respectively employed to account for rotor operations. Studies of coupling ship/rotor flowfield on two typical ships highlight complex interactions over the flight deck. It is shown that the rotor-shipboard vortex interaction and recirculation zone are more serious for small-sized-deck destroyers, while on the straight-through-deck ship the helicopter operations are sensitive to asymmetric distribution of lateral velocity caused by the island. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons in terms of vorticity and velocity between SRM and URM solvers have been conducted. The results demonstrate that both methods can capture complex interactions well. The velocity difference is within 1 m/s in most flowfield areas, except the rotor-wake dominant region. With the consideration of computational efficiency, the momentum source approach could be used to effectively conduct the study of helicopter shipboard operations. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Ship-Helicopter Operating Limits Prediction Using Piloted Flight Simulation and Time-Accurate Airwakes

Cited by 62 publications

References 16 publications

Coupling of an Unsteady Aerodynamics Model with a Computational Fluid Dynamics Solver

Coupling of an Unsteady Aerodynamics Model with a Computational Fluid Dynamics Solver

Role of Design Teams in the Integration of Stakeholder Considerations

An investigation of coupling ship/rotor flowfield using steady and unsteady rotor methods

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