Ship collision avoidance methods: State-of-the-art

Naval Engineering and Ship Control Special Edition Editorial

“…Advanced collision avoidance algorithms are a key enabler for autonomous shipping and can be used to improve navigational safety (Huang et al 2020;Perera et al 2015). (Zaccone and Martelli 2019) presents a collision avoidance algorithm for ship guidance application, based on the Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT*) algorithm, first introduced during iSCSS in (Zaccone et al 2018).…”

A planned approach to high collision risk area

“…An examination of how manned and unmanned vessels approach safety of navigation reveals a natural dichotomy between larger scale path planning and reactive collision avoidance [22], as shown in Figure 1 For manned ships, the normal mode of operation is route monitoring and following. Typically a pre-planned and pre-approved navigation plan is entered into the ship's bridge system such as an Integrated Navigation System (INS).…”

“…Naturally, with regard to collision avoidance, researchers have focused on responsiveness and accuracy as opposed to efficiency for global path planning. [22]. .…”

“…While this risk measurement approach is not a strong realist one, it is included because it is a popular approach [39,34,1,26]. Fuzzy logic approaches also offer risk reduction and conflict resolution methods based on [22]. .…”

“…One early example is Artificial Potential Field (APF), shown in a Figure 1-6, a method that generates repulsive or attractive potential fields around objects on the map, then guides the robot through the virtual force generated by these fields [27]. As a path generation method, APF provides a direction of movement, but does not directly provide a collision free path [22]. Further studies have expanded its use to collision avoidance, include modifications to enable partial COLREGS compliance [35].…”