Shikonin inhibits neuronal apoptosis via regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the rat model of double-level chronic cervical cord compression

Yao, Min; Gan, Li; Zhou, Long‐yun; Zheng, Zhong; Sun, Yue‐Li; Liu, Shufen; Wang, Yongjun; Cui, Xue‐jun

doi:10.1007/s10565-021-09648-3

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Overexactivation of ERS will lead to the onset and development of apoptosis [32,33]. Many studies in recent years [34][35][36] have shown that the process of apoptosis was closely related to the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). However, there are relatively few studies on the relationship between apoptosis and CSA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Massage on Neuro-Vascular Regulation and Apoptosis in Rabbits with Cervical Spondylosis of the Vertebral Artery Type

Wang

Hui

Xiong

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective To explore the therapeutic mechanisms of massage for cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (CSA) from the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitter changes on vertebral artery blood flow and apoptosis. Methods Forty rabbits were randomly divided into a normal group, model group, electroacupuncture (EA) group, and massage group, with 10 rabbits in each group. The CSA rabbit model was established by neck injection of sclerosing agent in all groups except the normal group. In the EA group, the left “Fengchi” (GB 20) and the 3rd-5th cervical vertebrae (C3-5) “Jiaji” (EX-B2) were selected for EA treatment. In the massage group, pushing manipulation with one finger was performed at 0.5 cm to the left side of the C3-5 spinous process and the tip of the transverse process. The vertebral artery blood flow was detected by laser Doppler. The levels of serum neuropeptide Y (NPY) and norepinephrine (NE) were determined by ELISA. The pathological morphological changes of vertebral arteries were observed by HE staining. The apoptosis of vertebral arteries and cerebella were detected by Tunel assay. The protein expressions of CHOP, Bcl-2, and Bax in vertebral arteries and cerebella were detected by Western blot. Results Vertebral artery blood flow was significantly decreased in all rabbits after modeling. Massage increased vertebral artery blood flow, decreased serum levels of NPY and NE which secreted by sympathetic nerves, improved vertebral artery lumen narrowing, intimal thinning, and mesenteric smooth muscle cell alignment. Moreover, these effects were superior to that in the EA group. In addition, the massage group significantly reduced the apoptotic index, decreased the CHOP and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) protein expressions, and increased the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein expression in vertebral arteries and cerebella relative to the model group. Conclusion The treatment of CSA has a neuro-vascular regulatory mechanism. Massage can decrease the release of sympathetic neurotransmitters that constrict blood vessels and mitigate apoptosis induced by excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) due to sympathetic excitation, so as to improve vertebral artery blood flow and serve as a treatment for CSA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Massage on Neuro-Vascular Regulation and Apoptosis in Rabbits with Cervical Spondylosis of the Vertebral Artery Type

Wang

Hui

Xiong

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Myelopathy from cervical static or dynamic compression to ischemia and hypoxia eventually leads to neuronal apoptosis and demyelination, resulting in spinal cord neurological dysfunction 5 . In a previous study, we found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an integral part of ER homeostasis associated with chronic cervical cord compression in rats 6 . Neuronal cells are extremely sensitive to protein misfolding; thus, ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) dysfunction are associated with many central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 In a previous study, we found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an integral part of ER homeostasis associated with chronic cervical cord compression in rats. 6 Neuronal cells are extremely sensitive to protein misfolding; thus, ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) dysfunction are associated with many central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. 7,8 ER stress activates protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and transcription factor 6 (ATF6) to release ER pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin restores endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis to protect injured neurons in a rat model of chronic cervical cord compression

Yao

Zhu

et al. 2023

Journal of Pineal Research

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Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) refers to a chronic injury of the cervical cord caused by cervical intervertebral disc degeneration. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is essential to counteract neuronal apoptosis. ER stress, an integral part of ER homeostasis, was observed in a rat model of chronic cervical cord compression in our previous study. However, the correlation between ER homeostasis and CSM remains unknown. The antioxidant melatonin is known to exert therapeutic effects in acute spinal cord injury, but the specific effects and their potential mechanisms in the pathological processes of CSM require further exploration. The present study hypothesized that ER homeostasis is essential for neuronal apoptosis in the CSM and that melatonin maintains this homeostasis. The results showed that ER stress led to neuronal apoptosis in rats with chronic cervical cord compression. Conversely, melatonin attenuates protein kinase R‐like ER kinase‐eukaryotic initiation factor 2α‐C/EBP‐homologous protein, inositol‐requiring enzyme 1, and transcription factor 6 signaling pathways to release ER stress and prevents Bax translocation to the mitochondrion, thereby promoting motor recovery and protecting neurons in vivo. It also rescued primary rat cortical neurons from ER stress‐induced glutamate toxicity in vitro. Moreover, melatonin remodels the ER morphology and restores homeostasis via ER‐phagy in injured neurons. FAM134B, CCPG1, RTN3, and Sec. 62 are four known ER‐phagy receptors. In this study, Sec. 62 was identified as a key melatonin factor in promoting ER‐phagy and restoring ER homeostasis in damaged neurons in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, melatonin suppresses neuronal apoptosis by reducing ER stress and promoting ER‐phagy to restore ER morphology and homeostasis. The current results suggested that melatonin is a promising treatment for CSM owing to its restorative effect on ER homeostasis; however, well‐designed randomized controlled trials must be carried out to further investigate its clinical effects.

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Shenqisherong pill ameliorates neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the JNK/caspase-3 signaling pathway in a rat model of cervical cord compression

Zhu

Gan

et al. 2024

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Shikonin inhibits neuronal apoptosis via regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the rat model of double-level chronic cervical cord compression

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of Massage on Neuro-Vascular Regulation and Apoptosis in Rabbits with Cervical Spondylosis of the Vertebral Artery Type

Effects of Massage on Neuro-Vascular Regulation and Apoptosis in Rabbits with Cervical Spondylosis of the Vertebral Artery Type

Melatonin restores endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis to protect injured neurons in a rat model of chronic cervical cord compression

Shenqisherong pill ameliorates neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the JNK/caspase-3 signaling pathway in a rat model of cervical cord compression

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