Shikonin ameliorates lipoteichoic acid‑induced acute lung injury via promotion of neutrophil apoptosis

Zhang, Yong; Zhang, Haibo; Wang, Muqun; Gao, Shan; Hong, Lei; Hou, Tingting; Zhang, Yaoyao; Zhu, Yuling; Qian, Feng

doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11772

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Early FMT from the high-fat chickens also resulted in the differential accumulation of metabolites such as 2-amino-1,3,4-octadecanetriol, which has been shown to stimulate the synthesis of leptin in adipocytes and reduce excess subcutaneous fat when combined with lipolytic mixtures. Shikonin improves the reaction of oxygen free radicals with polyunsaturated fatty acids to form lipid peroxide by promoting neutrophil apoptosis ( Zhang et al, 2020 ), while in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes, shikonin can inhibit the accumulation of triglycerides and the formation and deposition of fats, suggesting that shikonin has an anti-obesity effect ( Lee et al, 2010 ). DL-carnitine is an amino acid-like compound that can promote the conversion of fat into energy in the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early fecal microbiota transplantation from high abdominal fat chickens affects recipient cecal microbiome and metabolism

Song,

Luo,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Abdominal fat deposition (AFD) in chickens is closely related to the gut microecological balance. In this study, the gut microbiota from high-AFD chickens was transplanted into the same strain of 0-day-old chicks via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The FTM from chickens with high AFD had no obvious effects on growth traits, adult body weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat weight, and abdominal fat percentage, but did reduce the coefficient of variation of AFD traits. FMT significantly decreased cecal microbiome richness, changed the microbiota structure, and regulated the biological functions associated with energy metabolism and fat synthesis. Additionally, the cecal metabolite composition and metabolic function of FMT recipient chickens were also significantly altered from those of the controls. Transplantation of high-AFD chicken gut microbiota promoted fatty acid elongation and biosynthesis and reduced the metabolism of vitamins, steroids, and carbohydrates in the cecum. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which chicken gut microbiota affect host metabolic profiles and fat deposition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early fecal microbiota transplantation from high abdominal fat chickens affects recipient cecal microbiome and metabolism

Song,

Luo,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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“…It has been used in traditional medical systems to treat various diseases with few side effects and is known for its multiple pharmacological potentials, such as anti-cancer, anti-thrombotic, and neuroprotective functions [124]. SK treats acute myocardial infarction [125], acute lung injury [126], and rheumatoid arthritis [127] by inhibiting apoptosis. Studies have also found that SK can treat OA through anti-apoptotic effects.…”

Section: Shikoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals against Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Apoptosis

Kong,

Han,

Dmitrii

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease that causes pathological changes in articular cartilage, synovial membrane, or subchondral bone. Conventional treatments for OA include surgical and non-surgical methods. Surgical treatment is suitable for patients in the terminal stage of OA. It is often the last choice because of the associated risks and high cost. Medication of OA mainly includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, hyaluronic acid, and cortico-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. However, these drugs often have severe side effects and cannot meet the needs of patients. Therefore, safe and clinically appropriate long-term treatments for OA are urgently needed. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which is a kind of physiologic cell suicide determined by heredity and conserved by evolution. Inhibition of apoptosis-related pathways has been found to prevent and treat a variety of diseases. Excessive apoptosis can destroy cartilage homeostasis and aggravate the pathological process of OA. Therefore, inhibition of apoptosis-related factors or signaling pathways has become an effective means to treat OA. Phytochemicals are active ingredients from plants, and it has been found that phytochemicals can play an important role in the prevention and treatment of OA by inhibiting apoptosis. We summarize preclinical and clinical studies of phytochemicals for the treatment of OA by inhibiting apoptosis. The results show that phytochemicals can treat OA by targeting apoptosis-related pathways. On the basis of improving some phytochemicals with low bioavailability, poor water solubility, and high toxicity by nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, and at the same time undergoing strict clinical and pharmacological tests, phytochemicals can be used as a potential therapeutic drug for OA and may be applied in clinical settings.

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“…The compound down-regulated expression of TIM-3 and significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil in Hepatoma-22 tumor-bearing mice [ 92 ]. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA, Figure 4 ) is a glycosylated anticancer natural product, active against different types of cancer cells (e.g., gastric cancer [ 93 ], but it is also a chemically complex and toxic molecule (used experimentally to induce acute lung injury [ 94 ]). Therefore, it is not a convenient model for drug design.…”

Section: Small Molecules Targeting Tim-3/gal-9 Checkpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the Gal-9/TIM-3 Immune Checkpoint with α-Lactose. Does Anomery of Lactose Matter?

Bailly

Thuru

Quesnel

2021

Cancers

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The disaccharide lactose is an excipient commonly used in pharmaceutical products. The two anomers, α- and β-lactose (α-L/β-L), differ by the orientation of the C-1 hydroxyl group on the glucose unit. In aqueous solution, a mutarotation process leads to an equilibrium of about 40% α-L and 60% β-L at room temperature. Beyond a pharmaceutical excipient in solid products, α-L has immuno-modulatory effects and functions as a major regulator of TIM-3/Gal-9 immune checkpoint, through direct binding to the β-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-9. The blockade of the co-inhibitory checkpoint TIM-3 expressed on T cells with anti-TIM-3 antibodies represents a promising approach to combat different onco-hematological diseases, in particular myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. In parallel, the discovery and development of anti-TIM-3 small molecule ligands is emerging, including peptides, RNA aptamers and a few specifically designed heterocyclic molecules. An alternative option consists of targeting the different ligands of TIM-3, notably Gal-9 recognized by α-lactose. Modulation of the TIM-3/Gal-9 checkpoint can be achieved with both α- and β-lactose. Moreover, lactose is a quasi-pan-galectin ligand, capable of modulating the functions of most of the 16 galectin molecules. The present review provides a complete analysis of the pharmaceutical and galectin-related biological functions of (α/β)-lactose. A focus is made on the capacity of lactose and Gal-9 to modulate both the TIM-3/Gal-9 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints in oncology. Modulation of the TIM-3/Gal-9 checkpoint is a promising approach for the treatment of cancers and the role of lactose in this context is discussed. The review highlights the immuno-regulatory functions of lactose, and the benefit of the molecule well beyond its use as a pharmaceutical excipient.

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Shikonin ameliorates lipoteichoic acid‑induced acute lung injury via promotion of neutrophil apoptosis

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Early fecal microbiota transplantation from high abdominal fat chickens affects recipient cecal microbiome and metabolism

Early fecal microbiota transplantation from high abdominal fat chickens affects recipient cecal microbiome and metabolism

Phytochemicals against Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Apoptosis

Modulation of the Gal-9/TIM-3 Immune Checkpoint with α-Lactose. Does Anomery of Lactose Matter?

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