Shigella sonnei Isolated from Well Water

Lindell, Shirley S.; Quinn, Patricia

doi:10.1128/aem.26.3.424-425.1973

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Of even greater concern are reported isolations of such pathogens as Yer-sinii enteroc/litica (24,44) and S/ligell// sonInIei (31) from well water supplies. Of the three types of sanitary indicator organisms quantified in the present study, the total coliform group was the most commonly isolated (Table 1).…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Acinetobacter spp. in rural drinking water supplies

Bifulco

Shirey

Bissonnette

1989

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A bacteriological survey was conducted of untreated, individual groundwater supplies in Preston County, W.Va. Nearly 60% of the water supplies contained total coliforms in excess of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 1 CFU/100 ml. Approximately one-third of the water systems contained fecal coliforms and/or fecal streptococci. Acinetobacter spp. were detected in 38% of the groundwater supplies at an arithmetic mean density of 8 CFU/100 ml and were present in 16% of the water supplies in the absence of total coliforms, posing some concern about the usefulness of total coliforms as indicators of the presence of this opportunistic pathogen. Slime production, a virulence factor for A. calcoaceticus, was not significantly different between well water isolates and clinical strains, suggesting some degree of pathogenic potential for strains isolated from groundwater. In addition, several Acinetobacter isolates were able to interfere with sheen production by some coliform bacteria on M-Endo medium, adding further to the possible significance of Acinetobacter spp. in groundwater supplies.

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Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Acinetobacter spp. in rural drinking water supplies

Bifulco

Shirey

Bissonnette

1989

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Over the years, a variety of waterborne disease outbreaks have been attributed to contaminated aquifers or poorly protected well sites that contained pathogenic bacteria, virus, protozoan and worms. Specific bacterial pathogens that have been isolated from well waters include enteropathogenic E. coli, Vibrio cholera, Shigellaflexneri, S. sonnei, Salmonella typhimuruim, Yersinia enterocolitica and Campylobacter (Greenberg and Jongerth, 1966;Schroeder et al, 1968;Lassen, 1972;Center for Disease Control, 1973;1980;Evison and James, 1973;Lindel and Quinn, 1973;Woodward et al, 1974;Dragas and Tradnik, 1975;Highsmith et al, 1977;Schieman, 1978;Mentzing. 1981).…”

Section: Pathogen Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic agents in freshwater resources

Geldreich

1996

Hydrol. Process.

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Numerous pathogenic agents have been found in freshwaters used as sources for water supplies, recreational bathing and irrigation. These agents include bacterial pathogens, enteric viruses, several protozoans and parasitic worms more common to tropical waters. Although infected humans are a major source of pathogens, farm animals (cattle, sheep, pigs), animal pets (dogs, cats) and wildlife serve as significant reservoirs and should not be ignored. The range of infected individuals within a given warm-blooded animal group (humans included) may range from 1 to 25%. Survival times for pathogens in the water environment may range from a few days to as much as a year (Ascaris, Taenia eggs), with infective dose levels varying from one viable cell for several primary pathogenic agents to many thousands of cells for a given opportunistic pathogen.As pathogen detection in water is complex and not readily incorporated into routine monitoring, a surrogate is necessary. In general, indicators of faecal contamination provide a positive correlation with intestinal pathogen occurrences only when appropriate sample volumes are examined by sensitive methodology.Pathways by which pathogens reach susceptible water users include ingestion of contaminated water, body contact with polluted recreational waters and consumption of salad crops irrigated by polluted freshwaters. Major contributors to the spread of various water-borne pathogens are sewage, polluted surface waters and stormwater runoff. All of these contributions are intensified during periods of major floods. Several water-borne case histories are cited as examples of breakdowns in public health protection related to water supply, recreational waters and the consumption of contaminated salad crops. In the long term, water resource management must focus on pollution prevention from point sources of waste discharges and the spread of pathogens in watershed stormwater runoff.

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Sources of Enteric Disease in Canada

Guan

Holley

2003

Hog Manure Management, the Environment and Human Health

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Shigella sonnei Isolated from Well Water

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Detection of Acinetobacter spp. in rural drinking water supplies

Detection of Acinetobacter spp. in rural drinking water supplies

Pathogenic agents in freshwater resources

Sources of Enteric Disease in Canada

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