Shigella flexneri: an emerging pathogen

Nisa, Iqbal; Qasim, Muhammad; Yasin, Nusrat; Ullah, Rafi; Ali, Anwar

doi:10.1007/s12223-020-00773-w

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Enteric pathogens such as Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella flexneri were also detected representing 20% of the total water samples. The detection of Shigella flexneri usually suggests serious pathogenic water borne threat liable of causing serious disease to the consumers of such water (Nisa et al, 2020). It could also be as a result of serious bacterial pollution of the factory equipment or from an infected worker, working under unhygienic practices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Antibiogram of Bacteriological Contaminants in Commonly Consumed Sachet Water in Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Falnyi¹,

Yerima²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2022

CaJoST

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Potable water serves as an important source for primary prevention of diseases and the foundation for the prevention and control of water borne diseases. This study was conducted to determine the bacteriological quality of ten (10) brands of sachet water commonly consumed in Dutse urban, Jigawa state, Nigeria using Membrane Filtration Technique method for enumeration of both total coliform and fecal coliform counts. Eosin methylene blue, Salmonella Shigella and plate count media as well as membrane filters with 0.45µm pore size were used. Total bacterial counts for all the water samples were not within the recommended limits by regulatory bodies; Environmental Protection Agency, World Health Organization, and National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration and Control. Results revealed that the sampled sachet water was contaminated with Klebsiella aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphi A, Shigella flexneri, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus pyogenes. However, Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin revealed 100% potency against all the seven bacterial isolates while Augmentin have no effect (0%) on any of the bacterial isolates. Appropriate treatment processes should be utilized for the production of packaged water meant for human consumption. Again, drinking water regulatory bodies should be proactive in monitoring the adherence of drinking water manufacturers to regulated processing standards. Keywords: Sachet water; bacterial isolates; total coliform; faecal coliform; membrane filtration technique

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Antibiogram of Bacteriological Contaminants in Commonly Consumed Sachet Water in Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Falnyi¹,

Yerima²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2022

CaJoST

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“…Each year, Shigella is known to cause millions of infections globally and has become a major public health concern. There is a gradual decrease of treatment alternatives due to the rise in antimicrobial resistance and a lack of Shigella vaccine which could prevent infections [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, shigellosis leads to an enormous amount of morbidity and mortality annually, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries; significantly contributing to the worldwide burden of diarrheal infections [3,4,5]. Out of the four known Shigella species, S. flexneri accounts for about 10% of all the diarrhoetic incidents amongst children below 5 years of age in areas of low socioeconomic conditions [6]. In the absence of a globally effective licensed vaccine against Shigella and the current treatment method majorly depending on antimicrobial therapy, which keeps getting compromised due to many factors like poor sanitation and hygiene, treatment costs, overuse and/or misuse of antibiotics; there is an ever-growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

YfiB: An Outer Membrane Protein Involved in the Virulence of Shigella flexneri

Sen

Verma

2021

Preprint

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Shigella flexneri is one of the principal cause of bacillary dysentery and contributes significantly to the worldwide implication of diarrheal infections. The presence and upsurge of multidrug resistance amongst Shigella strains, demands additional genetic analyses, advancement of new/improved drugs, and finding vaccine candidates against the pathogen. Whilst many features about the invasion of colonic cells by Shigella have been identified, fundamental gaps in information concerning in what way the bacteria transit, survive, and control gene expression, remain. Present study aims to illustrate the role of yfiB gene in Shigella virulence, which is a part of the periplasmic YfiBNR tripartite signaling system. This system is responsible for regulating cyclic-di-GMP levels inside the bacterial cells, which is a vital messenger molecule impacting varied cellular processes involving biofilm formation, cytotoxicity, motility, synthesis of exopolysaccharide, and other virulence mechanisms like adhesion and invasion of the bacteria. Through a combination of genetic, biochemical, and virulence assays, we show how knocking out the yfiB gene can disrupt the entire YfiBNR system and affect biofilm formation, bacterial invasion, surface attachment, and the virulence of Shigella. We then show how targeted mutagenesis of the significant amino acids of the YfiB protein can affect the proper functioning of the protein. This study eventually improves our understanding of the in-vivo persistence and survival of Shigella and provides a prospective new target to design anti-infective drugs and vaccines against S. flexneri and other bacterial pathogens.

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“…This disease is related to health, the environment, resources and other factors. 6,7 Faecal-oral transmission is the most important transmission mode of Shigella, 8 while invasiveness and endotoxin are the pathogenic factors of Shigella. Shigella adapts to gastric acid; 9 the bacteria pass through the stomach and small intestine and finally reach the large intestine to promote infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Au Nanoclusters Ameliorate Shigella Infectious Colitis by Inducing Oxidative Stress

Wu¹,

Chen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

IJN

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Background: Shigella infection has always been a global burden, and it particularly threatens children between the ages of 1 and 5 years. Economically underdeveloped countries are dominated by Shigella flexneri infection. The most effective method to treat Shigella is antibiotics, but with the abuse of antibiotics and the prevalence of multidrug resistance, we urgently need a relatively safe non-antibiotic treatment to replace it. Ultrasmall Au nanoclusters (NCs) have special physical and chemical properties and can better interact with and be internalized by bacteria to disrupt the metabolic balance. The purpose of this study was to explore whether Au NCs may be a substitute for antibiotics to treat Shigella infections. Methods: Au NCs and Shigella Sf301, R2448, and RII-1 were cocultured in vitro to evaluate the bactericidal ability of Au NCs. The degree of damage and mode of action of Au NCs in Shigella were clearly observed in images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).In vivo experiments were conducted to observe the changes in body weight, clinical disease activity index (DAI) and colon (including length and histopathological sections) of mice treated with Au NCs. The effect of Au NCs was analysed by measuring the content of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) and Shigella in faeces. Next, the changes in Shigella biofilm activity, the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the changes in metabolism-related and membranerelated genes, and the effect of Au NCs on the body weight of mice were determined to further analyse the mechanism of action and effect. Results: Au NCs (100 μM) interfered with oxidative metabolism genes, induced a substantial increase in ROS levels, interacted with the cell membrane to destroy it, significantly killed Shigella, and effectively alleviated the intestinal damage caused by Shigella in mice. The activity of the biofilm formed by Shigella was reduced. Conclusion:The effective antibacterial effect and good safety suggest that Au NCs represent a good potential alternative to antibiotics to treat Shigella infections.

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Shigella flexneri: an emerging pathogen

Cited by 47 publications

References 166 publications

Detection and Antibiogram of Bacteriological Contaminants in Commonly Consumed Sachet Water in Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Detection and Antibiogram of Bacteriological Contaminants in Commonly Consumed Sachet Water in Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria

YfiB: An Outer Membrane Protein Involved in the Virulence of Shigella flexneri

Au Nanoclusters Ameliorate Shigella Infectious Colitis by Inducing Oxidative Stress

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