Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli O104:H4

Jandhyala, Dakshina M.; Vanguri, Vijay K.; Boll, Erik J.; Lai, YuShuan; McCormick, Beth A.; Leong, John M.

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2013.05.002

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…The so far described EHEC/EAEC strains do not possess eaeA and it is argued that attachment driven by AAF may be at least as effective as that mediated by EaeA. The ability of EHEC/EAEC strains to form adhesive aggregates may even increase Stx quantities at a specific site and therefore the toxic capacity of the bacteria [8] , [10] , [14] , [15] . This notion is underlined by an observation involving the 2011 O104:H4 strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Novel EHEC/EAEC Hybrid Strains Isolated from Human Infections

et al. 2014

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The so far highest number of life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome was associated with a food-borne outbreak in 2011 in Germany which was caused by an enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) of the rare serotype O104:H4. Most importantly, the outbreak strain harbored genes characteristic of both EHEC and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). Such strains have been described seldom but due to the combination of virulence genes show a high pathogenicity potential. To evaluate the importance of EHEC/EAEC hybrid strains in human disease, we analyzed the EHEC strain collection of the German National Reference Centre for Salmonella and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens (NRC). After exclusion of O104:H4 EHEC/EAEC strains, out of about 2400 EHEC strains sent to NRC between 2008 and 2012, two strains exhibited both EHEC and EAEC marker genes, specifically were stx2 and aatA positive. Like the 2011 outbreak strain, one of the novel EHEC/EAEC harbored the Shiga toxin gene type stx2a. The strain was isolated from a patient with bloody diarrhea in 2010, was serotyped as O59:H−, belonged to MLST ST1136, and exhibited genes for type IV aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAF). The second strain was isolated from a patient with diarrhea in 2012, harbored stx2b, was typed as Orough:H−, and belonged to MLST ST26. Although the strain conferred the aggregative adherence phenotype, no known AAF genes corresponding to fimbrial types I to V were detected. In summary, EHEC/EAEC hybrid strains are currently rarely isolated from human disease cases in Germany and two novel EHEC/EAEC of rare serovars/MLST sequence types were characterized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Novel EHEC/EAEC Hybrid Strains Isolated from Human Infections

et al. 2014

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“…Albeit, O105 serogroup is not among the non-O157 STEC serogroups most commonly found causing human diseases, known as the big six (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145), STEC strains belonging to serotype O105:H18 have been associated to HUS and diarrheal infections [22,23]. Moreover, the pathogenic potential of a STEC isolate goes far beyond an association with a particular serogroup or serotype, and this became more evident from the German and Finland outbreaks [24,20]. Different adhesive structures account for the capacity of STEC to bind to several surfaces, and autotransporters are important factors related to adherence and biofilm formation of non-O157 STEC [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli with leafy green vegetables

et al. 2020

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are important foodborne pathogens responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases including diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). A considerable number of outbreaks and sporadic cases of HUS have been associated with ingestion of fresh ready-to-eat products. Maintenance and persistence of STEC in the environment and foods can be related to its ability to form biofilm. A non-O157 STEC strain isolated from bovine feces was distinguished by its great ability to form biofilm in abiotic surfaces. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the ability of this strain to adhere to rocket leaves (Eruca sativa). Adherence assays were carried out for 3 h at 28°C and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The non-O157 STEC strain adhered to leaf surface and inside the stomata forming several bacterial aggregates. The number of adherent bacteria per square millimeter of leaf was eightfold higher compared with an O157 STEC strain. Deletion of the STEC autotransporter protein contributing to biofilm (Sab) reduced the adherence ability of the non-O157 strain in almost 50%, and deletion of antigen 43 (Ag43) almost abolished this interaction. Very few bacteria were seen on the leaf surface, and these differences were statistically significant, suggesting the role of both proteins and especially Ag43 in the interaction of the non-O157 STEC strain with leaves. The risk posed by non-O157 STEC adherence to leaves on fresh produce contamination should not be neglected, and measures that effectively control adherence should be included in strategies to control non-O157 STEC.

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“…The quality criteria demanded by international control agencies have changed due to the emergence of hybrid strains such as STEC/EAEC strain that caused one of the biggest outbreaks registered in Europe in 2011 13 . Those new criteria have included in the analysis of meat products the detection of other serotypes in addition to the O157: H7, as well as virulence genes profile of strains [7] .There are more than 400 non-O157 serotypes that caused human diseases and outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While STEC O157-H7 is the most common serotype reported in outbreaks and severe disease cases 10,11 ; currently other non-O157 serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O145, and O104) are also recognized as important causes of human pathologies 3,12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Ground Beef: Evaluation of Contamination Levels in Butcheries of The Metropolitan Zone in Asuncion, Paraguay

Cabrera¹,

Martinez²,

Acuña³

et al. 2019

J Pure Appl Microbiol

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can cause from watery diarrhea to severe diseases, such as thrombocytopenic purpura (TP) or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Ruminants are the main reservoir; most of the time humans are infected through the ingestion of contaminated meat. The goal of this study was the detection of stx1 and stx2 genes through the standardization of a real time PCR method that uses SYBR green, and then we used this method to analyze the presence of STEC in ground beef from butcheries of the metropolitan zone of Asuncion, Paraguay. We analyzed 48 ground beef samples from 24 butcheries. They were processed by standard methods of culture and DNA extraction. Real-time PCR reactions were standardized for the detection of stx1 and stx2. Both genes were detected in the 48 samples studied. The concordance between this method and a conventional PCR technique was excellent, showing kappa concordance indexes of 0.76 for stx1 and 0.87 for stx2. Even though the high levels of contaminated ground beef detected, all the isolates were LEE negatives and O157 negatives, which are less related to outbreaks and severe diseases. The most common virulence profile was stx1/stx2/saa/exhA. With this finding, we have proven the need for preventive procedures in the slaughter process and the handling process of meat products.

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Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli O104:H4

Cited by 18 publications

References 118 publications

Two Novel EHEC/EAEC Hybrid Strains Isolated from Human Infections

Two Novel EHEC/EAEC Hybrid Strains Isolated from Human Infections

Interactions of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli with leafy green vegetables

Detection of Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Ground Beef: Evaluation of Contamination Levels in Butcheries of The Metropolitan Zone in Asuncion, Paraguay

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