Shiga Toxin-Producing and Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in Animal, Foods, and Humans: Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Detection Methods, and Epidemiology

Paletta, Ana Clara Cabral; Castro, Vinícius Silva; Conté-Júnior, Carlos Adam

doi:10.1007/s00284-019-01842-1

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“… 7 The ample presence of Gb3 molecules in the kidney targets the toxin to this location. Once endocytosed, the toxin induces multiple signaling pathways leading to blockage of protein synthesis and induction of apoptosis 8 and HUS. STEC infections are treated with antibiotics, although their use is controversial with respect to their ability to increase the risk of HUS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting Shigella by Blocking Its Disease-Causing Toxin

et al. 2021

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Shiga toxin is an AB 5 toxin produced by Shigella species, while related toxins are produced by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Infection by Shigella can lead to bloody diarrhea followed by the often fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). In the present paper, we aimed for a simple and effective toxin inhibitor by comparing three classes of carbohydrate-based inhibitors: glycodendrimers, glycopolymers, and oligosaccharides. We observed a clear enhancement in potency for multivalent inhibitors, with the divalent and tetravalent compounds inhibiting in the millimolar and micromolar range, respectively. However, the polymeric inhibitor based on galabiose was the most potent in the series exhibiting nanomolar inhibition. Alginate and chitosan oligosaccharides also inhibit Shiga toxin and may be used as a prophylactic drug during shigella outbreaks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting Shigella by Blocking Its Disease-Causing Toxin

et al. 2021

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“…Shigella extracellular enterotoxins (ShET1) are cytotoxin, enterotoxin and IgA protease like homologues inducing intestinal cyclic GMP (cGMP) and cAMP-mediated secretion. This toxin has also been found in EAEC/STEC hybrid strains [88,103]. Pet, a 108 kDa protein belonging to the SPATE family, mediates the actin-binding protein fodrin, induces exfoliation, disrupts the actin skeleton, is trafficked through the endoplasmic reticulum, and induces the host cell entering.…”

Section: Enteroaggregative Escherichia Coli (Eaec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence factors of Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli: A Review

Pakbin¹,

Brück²,

Rossen³

2021

Preprint

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Escherichia coli are remarkably versatile microorganisms and important members of the normal intestinal microbiota of humans and animals. This harmless commensal organism can acquire a mixture of comprehensive mobile genetic elements that contain genes encoding viru-lence factors, becoming an emerging human pathogen capable of causing a broad spectrum of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Nine definite enteric E. coli pathotypes have been well characterized, causing diseases ranging from various gastrointestinal disorders to urinary tract infections. These pathotypes employ many virulence factors and effectors subverting the func-tions of host cells to mediate its virulence and pathogenesis. This review summarizes new de-velopments in our understanding of diverse virulence factors associated encoding genes used by different pathotypes of enteric pathogenic E. coli to cause intestinal and extraintestinal diseases in humans.

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“…The bacterial solution from the previous step was used to inject the zebra sh intraperitoneally according to the corresponding gradient. The control group was injected with sterile PBS [44,45]. After observation for one week, the number of deaths from the challenge was counted, and the LD 50 of each strain towards zebra sh was calculated by the Kou method.…”

Section: Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Analysis of Fis in Aeromonas Veronii TH0426 Reveals a Key Role in the Regulation of Virulence and Adhesion

Li¹,

Song²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Aeromonas veronii is a comorbid pathogen that can infect humans, animals, and various aquatic animals. In recent years, an increasing number of cases of A. veronii infection have been reported, and its virulence and drug resistance have also been increasing gradually, indicating serious risks. This bacterium not only threatens public health and safety but also causes considerable economic loss in the aquaculture industry; however, little is known about its pathogenic mechanism.Results: In this study, we first constructed the A. veronii TH0426 Fis gene deletion strain ΔFis and the complementation strain C-Fis through homologous recombination technology. The results showed that the adhesion and invasion ability of the ΔFis deletion strain towards Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells and the cytotoxicity were 3.8-fold and 1.3-fold lower, respectively, than those of the wild-type strain. The animal pathogenicity of ΔFis was 2.9-fold lower than that of the wild-type strain. In addition, the bacterial load of the deletion strain ∆Fis in crucian carp was significantly lower than that of the wild-type strain, and the load decreased with time. In summary, deletion of the Fis gene led to a decrease in the virulence of A. veronii.Conclusions: Our research results show that the deletion of the Fis gene significantly reduces the virulence and adhesion ability of A. veronii TH0426. Therefore, the Fis gene plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of TH0426. This preliminary study of the function of the Fis gene in A. veronii will help researchers further understand the pathogenic mechanism of A. veronii.

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Shiga Toxin-Producing and Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in Animal, Foods, and Humans: Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Detection Methods, and Epidemiology

Cited by 29 publications

References 74 publications

Fighting Shigella by Blocking Its Disease-Causing Toxin

Fighting Shigella by Blocking Its Disease-Causing Toxin

Virulence factors of Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli: A Review

Functional Analysis of Fis in Aeromonas Veronii TH0426 Reveals a Key Role in the Regulation of Virulence and Adhesion

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