Shiftworking, nutrition and obesity: Implications for workforce health—A systematic review

Amani, Reza; Gill, Tim

doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2011.08.020

Cited by 79 publications

(96 citation statements)

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“…The preference for food with a higher calorie content (higher carbohydrate and fat over higher protein foods) following sleep restriction has been supported by several studies (30,31,35). In our study, although higher fat foods were chosen after a simulated night shift, overall calories consumed and amount of food did not differ.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Participants undergoing a simulated night shift (constituting one night without sleep) demonstrated an increased preference for high-fat breakfast food compared to their own preferences when well-rested. This effect was striking, with 81% of participants choosing high-fat foods after the simulated night shift.The preference for food with a higher calorie content (higher carbohydrate and fat over higher protein foods) following sleep restriction has been supported by several studies (30,31,35). In our study, although higher fat foods were chosen after a simulated night shift, overall calories consumed and amount of food did not differ.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

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Enhanced preference for high-fat foods following a simulated night shift

Cain¹,

Filtness²,

Phillips³

et al. 2015

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Shortened sleep and circadian misalignment, as seen in shift workers, has adverse metabolic and behavioral consequences which lead to obesity and associated comorbidities. This study demonstrates a simulated night shift enhances preference for high fat foods, which may be a contributing factor for shift work-related weight gain. Increasing awareness of changes in food preference may promote healthier food choices. Key terms: diet; dietary intake; eating; fat; food; habit; health; health; high-fat food; night duty; night shift; night work; nutrition; obesity; shift work; shift worker; simulated night shift; sleep loss; weight gain This article in PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25699635 288 Scand J Work Environ Health 2015, vol 41, no 3Short communication Scand J Work Environ Health. 2015;41(3):288-293. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3486 Enhanced preference for high-fat foods following a simulated night shift by Sean W Cain, PhD,1 Ashleigh J Filtness, PhD,2 Craig L Phillips, PhD,3,4 Clare Anderson, PhD 1,5 Cain SW, Filtness AJ, Phillips CL, Anderson C. Enhanced preference for high-fat foods following a simulated night shift. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2015;41(3):288-293. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3486 Objectives Shift workers are prone to obesity and associated co-morbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Sleep restriction associated with shift work results in dramatic endocrine and metabolic effects that predispose shift workers to these adverse health consequences. While sleep restriction has been associated with increased caloric intake, food preference may also play a key role in weight gain associated with shift work. This study examined the impact of an overnight simulated night shift on food preference.Methods Sixteen participants [mean 20.1, standard deviation (SD) 1.4 years; 8 women] underwent a simulated night shift and control condition in a counterbalanced order. On the following morning, participants were provided an opportunity for breakfast that included high-and low-fat food options (mean 64.8% and 6.4% fat, respectively). ResultsParticipants ate significantly more high-fat breakfast items after the simulated night shift than after the control condition [167.3, standard error of the mean (SEM) 28.7) g versus 211.4 (SEM 35.6) g; P=0.012]. The preference for high-fat food was apparent among the majority of individuals following the simulated night shift (81%), but not for the control condition (43%). Shift work and control conditions did not differ, however, in the total amount of food or calories consumed.Conclusions A simulated night shift leads to preference for high-fat food during a subsequent breakfast opportunity. These results suggest that food choice may contribute to weight-related chronic health problems commonly seen among night shift workers.Key terms diet; dietary intake; eating; food; habit; health; night duty; night work; nutrition; obesity; shift work; shift worker; sleep loss; weight gain. Working shifts outside of regular working hours is prevalent in modern industrialize...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

supporting

confidence: 67%

Enhanced preference for high-fat foods following a simulated night shift

Cain¹,

Filtness²,

Phillips³

et al. 2015

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…The occupational hazard of shift work has been documented in a multitude of studies (Di Lorenzo et al, 2003;Costa, 2003Costa, , 2010. Two systematic reviews have shown that shift working is associated with poor health and well-being, and increases the risk of weight gain in employees (Antunes et al, 2010;Amani and Gill, 2013). A review by Folkard et al showed that this negative influence of shift work systems on productivity is underlined by psychosocial work conditions and physical health (Folkard and Tucker, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight, obesity and work functioning: The role of working-time arrangements

et al. 2016

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“…Whilst shift work is essential to some occupations, for example, emergency services, the evidence suggests that these schedules may be detrimental to employee health. Recent meta-analyses have associated shift work with an increased risk of obesity with workers having a greater predisposition to weight gain than their day-working counterparts (Amani & Gill, 2013;Antunes et al, 2010;Barbadora et al, 2013;Eberly & Feldman, 2010). A poor diet and physical inactivity (Atkinson et al, 2008), altered nutritional metabolism (Esquirol et al, 2009;Laermans & Depoortere, 2016), access to food (Stewart & Wahlqvist, 1985), desynchronisation of circadian rhythms (Antunes et al, 2010) and altered sleeping patterns (Mota et al, 2013) may all contribute to the observed increased risk of obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy intake of shift workers compared to fixed day workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bonham

Bonnell

Huggins

2016

Chronobiology International

117

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Shift work is an established risk factor for a number of chronic conditions associated with excess energy intake including obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This systematic review investigated whether the 24 h energy intake of shift workers differs to that of fixed day workers. Included articles compared energy intake of shift workers (shift included midnight) with fixed day workers. There were 10 367 day workers and 4726 shift workers from 12 studies included in the qualitative analysis and meta-analyses. The standardised mean difference (95% CI) in energy intake between shift and day workers was -0.04 (-0.11, 0.03); I(2) = 54%. Qualitative results on macronutrient intakes were conflicting. Reported energy intakes were not different between day workers and shift workers, suggesting that other factors such as circadian misalignment, meal timing, food choice and diurnal variation of energy metabolism at night may be responsible for the increased rates of obesity observed in shift workers. Guidance on health and well-being is required for this at-risk population group.

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Shiftworking, nutrition and obesity: Implications for workforce health—A systematic review

Cited by 79 publications

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Enhanced preference for high-fat foods following a simulated night shift

Enhanced preference for high-fat foods following a simulated night shift

Overweight, obesity and work functioning: The role of working-time arrangements

Energy intake of shift workers compared to fixed day workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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