Shifts in the dynamics of productivity signal ecosystem state transitions at the biome‐scale

Hu, Zhongmin; Guo, Qun; Li, Shenggong; Piao, Shilong; Knapp, Alan K.; Ciais, Philippe; Li, Xinrong; Yu, Guirui

doi:10.1111/ele.13126

Cited by 66 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…For measuring biodiversity change at different scales, BEF research must harness current methodological developments (Bush et al 2017), like metagenomics, eDNA (Cristescu & Hebert 2018), remote sensing (Pau & Dee 2016;Rocchini et al 2018) and multi-site monitoring networks and experiments. Scale-explicit analyses will require multiscale statistical methods, such as generalised dissimilarity modelling (Ferrier et al 2007), that can be used to predict spatial patterns of turnover in diversity that are crucial to understanding how the BEF relationship will change across large spatial and temporal extents (Leibold et al 2017;Hu et al 2018;Mori et al 2018). Integrative data analyses using structural equation modelling can evaluate how BEF relationships might change with scale (Grace et al 2014(Grace et al , 2016.…”

Section: Linking Theory To New Observational Data On Biodiversity Chamentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling‐up biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning research

et al. 2020

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A rich body of knowledge links biodiversity to ecosystem functioning (BEF), but it is primarily focused on small scales. We review the current theory and identify six expectations for scale dependence in the BEF relationship: (1) a nonlinear change in the slope of the BEF relationship with spatial scale; (2) a scale‐dependent relationship between ecosystem stability and spatial extent; (3) coexistence within and among sites will result in a positive BEF relationship at larger scales; (4) temporal autocorrelation in environmental variability affects species turnover and thus the change in BEF slope with scale; (5) connectivity in metacommunities generates nonlinear BEF and stability relationships by affecting population synchrony at local and regional scales; (6) spatial scaling in food web structure and diversity will generate scale dependence in ecosystem functioning. We suggest directions for synthesis that combine approaches in metaecosystem and metacommunity ecology and integrate cross‐scale feedbacks. Tests of this theory may combine remote sensing with a generation of networked experiments that assess effects at multiple scales. We also show how anthropogenic land cover change may alter the scaling of the BEF relationship. New research on the role of scale in BEF will guide policy linking the goals of managing biodiversity and ecosystems.

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Section: Linking Theory To New Observational Data On Biodiversity Chamentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling‐up biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning research

et al. 2020

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“…Sustained wet periods are particularly important in drylands, where multi‐year wet events are often needed to facilitate the recruitment and successful establishment of vegetation (Peters et al, 2014). Demographic mechanisms that increase vegetation densities can help drylands overcome meristematic constraints in NPP responses to PPT increases (Hu et al, 2018; Knapp & Smith, 2001; Reichmann et al, 2013). Relief of meristematic constraints driven by increased moisture availability (Dalgleish & Hartnett, 2006) could increase potential NPP sensitivity to PPT in drylands, but likely only after a sufficient duration of consecutive wet years.…”

Section: A Role For the Duration Of Precipitation Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation–productivity relationships and the duration of precipitation anomalies: An underappreciated dimension of climate change

Felton

Knapp

Smith

2020

Global Change Biology

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In terrestrial ecosystems, climate change forecasts of increased frequencies and magnitudes of wet and dry precipitation anomalies are expected to shift precipitation–net primary productivity (PPT–NPP) relationships from linear to nonlinear. Less understood, however, is how future changes in the duration of PPT anomalies will alter PPT–NPP relationships. A review of the literature shows strong potential for the duration of wet and dry PPT anomalies to impact NPP and to interact with the magnitude of anomalies. Within semi‐arid and mesic grassland ecosystems, PPT gradient experiments indicate that short‐duration (1 year) PPT anomalies are often insufficient to drive nonlinear aboveground NPP responses. But long‐term studies, within desert to forest ecosystems, demonstrate how multi‐year PPT anomalies may result in increasing impacts on NPP through time, and thus alter PPT–NPP relationships. We present a conceptual model detailing how NPP responses to PPT anomalies may amplify with the duration of an event, how responses may vary in xeric vs. mesic ecosystems, and how these differences are most likely due to demographic mechanisms. Experiments that can unravel the independent and interactive impacts of the magnitude and duration of wet and dry PPT anomalies are needed, with multi‐site long‐term PPT gradient experiments particularly well‐suited for this task.

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“…Resilience defines the rate of ecosystem functioning recovering to its normal state after droughts (De Keersmaecker et al, ; Ivits et al, ). Experimental and modeling studies have analyzed those two stability components from species to biome level (Anderegg et al, ; De Keersmaecker et al, ; Gazol et al, ; Hoover, Knapp, & Smith, ; Hu et al, ; Isbell et al, ; Ivits et al, ; Li, Wu, et al, ; Li, Xia, et al, ; Schwalm et al, ; Van Ruijven & Berendse, ). However, direct quantifications of global ecosystem resistance and resilience to droughts by measuring the variations of ecosystem functioning during and after droughts are rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High ecosystem stability of evergreen broadleaf forests under severe droughts

Huang

Xia

2019

Global Change Biology

104

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Global increase in drought occurrences threatens the stability of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. Evergreen broadleaf forests (EBFs) keep leaves throughout the year, and therefore could experience higher drought risks than other biomes. However, the recent temporal variability of global vegetation productivity or land carbon sink is mainly driven by non-evergreen ecosystems, such as semiarid grasslands, croplands, and boreal forests. Thus, we hypothesize that EBFs have higher stability than other biomes under the increasingly extreme droughts. Here we use long-term Standardized Precipitation and Evaporation Index (SPEI) data and satellite-derived Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) products to quantify the temporal stability (ratio of mean annual EVI to its SD), resistance (ability to maintain its original levels during droughts), and resilience (rate of EVI recovering to pre-drought levels) at biome and global scales. We identified significantly increasing trends of annual drought severity (SPEI range: −0.08 to −1.80), area (areal fraction range: 2%-19%), and duration (month range: 7.9-9.1) in the EBF biome over 2000-2014. However, EBFs showed the highest resistance of EVI to droughts, but no significant differences in resilience of EVI to droughts were found among biomes (forests, grasslands, savannas, and shrublands). Global resistance and resilience of EVI to droughts were largely affected by temperature and solar radiation. These findings suggest that EBFs have higher stability than other biomes despite the greater drought exposure. Thus, the conservation of EBFs is critical for stabilizing global vegetation productivity and land carbon sink under more-intense climate extremes in the future.

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Shifts in the dynamics of productivity signal ecosystem state transitions at the biome‐scale

Cited by 66 publications

References 75 publications

Scaling‐up biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning research

Scaling‐up biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning research

Precipitation–productivity relationships and the duration of precipitation anomalies: An underappreciated dimension of climate change

High ecosystem stability of evergreen broadleaf forests under severe droughts

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