Shifting sows: longitudinal changes in the periparturient faecal microbiota of primiparous and multiparous sows

Gaukroger, Clare H.; Edwards, S.A.; Walshaw, John; Nelson, Andrew; Adams, Ian; Stewart, Christopher J.; Kyriazakis, Ι.

doi:10.1016/j.animal.2020.100135

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In our study, MP and P1 sows had significantly different fecal microbiota 3 days postpartum, with the differences observed presented in the feces of their piglets at day 10 of lactation. These data are similar to the findings of Gaukroger et al (2021) who demonstrated differences between MP and P1 sow fecal microbiota both prior to and post farrowing. Additionally, similar to previous literature, the present study observed significantly lower growth and survival throughout lactation in P1 progeny when compared with MP sow progeny ( Carney-Hinkle et al, 2013 ; Craig et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Recent research with humans and animals indicates that the gastrointestinal microbiota has a major role in health and survival ( Nowland et al, 2019 ). To our knowledge, only one study investigating the differences in microbiota between P1 and MP sows has been published and it demonstrated a significant difference in fecal microbiota between P1 and MP sows within a UK herd ( Gaukroger et al, 2021 ). A preliminary study conducted by Aviles-Rosa et al (2019) demonstrated that feed intake, growth, and white blood cell count were affected by whether the piglets had access to maternal feces during their first 7 days of life, or not, with those being exposed to maternal feces exhibiting improvements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to maternal feces in lactation influences piglet enteric microbiota, growth, and survival preweaning

Nowland

Kirkwood

Plush³

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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It is known that gilt progeny performance is reduced compared to sow progeny. Previous research suggests that the presence of maternal faeces in early life improves the health and survival of offspring. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether contact with faeces from multiparous (MP) sows would improve the growth and survival of piglets born and reared on primiparous (P1) sows and if so, whether these differences are associated with the gut microbiota. Four treatments were applied for 10 days: Donor (n = 29) piglets had limited access to maternal faeces as, each morning, sow faeces were removed and placed in the crate of a P1 sow (P1-FT; n = 30 piglets); and P1-Con (n = 29) and MP-Con (n = 33) piglets had access to their own mothers’ faeces. All piglets were weighed on days 1, 3, 10 and 18. Faecal samples were collected from a subset of sows (n = 10/treatment) 3 days post-farrow and from 2 female piglets/litter on day 10 and 18 (n = 20/treatment) and subject to 16S rRNA amplicon analysis. Escherichia, Clostridium, Campylobacter and Treponema were more abundant in MP sows, while P1 sows had a higher abundance of Lactobacillus and Prevotella. At 10 days, P1 progeny faecal microbiota differed, and growth and survival were reduced when compared to MP progeny. No treatment effect was observed for P1-FT piglets (P > 0.05). Donor piglets had a different faecal microbiota and improved weight and survival then all other treatments (P < 0.05). Overall, the removal of sow faeces from the farrowing crate improved piglet microbiota development, growth and survival.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to maternal feces in lactation influences piglet enteric microbiota, growth, and survival preweaning

Nowland

Kirkwood

Plush³

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Different parities may affect the gut microbial composition of sows ( Gaukroger et al, 2021 ). However, in this study, we did not observe the significant difference of the microbial compositions of the gut and vagina among parities ( Supplementary Figure 5 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut and Vagina Microbiota Associated With Estrus Return of Weaning Sows and Its Correlation With the Changes in Serum Metabolites

Zhong

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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More and more studies have indicated that gut microbiota takes part in the biosynthesis and metabolism of sex hormones. Inversely, sex hormones influence the composition of gut microbiota. However, whether microbiota in the gut and vagina is associated with estrus return of weaning sows is largely unknown. Here, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 158 fecal and 50 vaginal samples, we reported the shifts in the gut and vaginal microbiota between normal return and non-return sows. In fecal samples, Lactobacillus and S24-7 were enriched in normal return sows, while Streptococcus luteciae, Lachnospiraceae, Clostridium, and Mogibacterium had higher abundance in non-return sows. In vaginal swabs, the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) annotated to Clostridiales, Ruminoccaceae, and Oscillospira were enriched in normal return sows, while those OTUs annotated to Campylobacter, Anaerococcus, Parvimonas, Finegoldia, and Dorea had higher abundances in non-return sows. Co-abundance group (CAG) analysis repeated the identification of the bacterial taxa associated with the estrus return of weaning sows. The predicted functional capacities in both gut and vaginal microbiome were changed between normal return and non-return sows. Serum metabolome profiles were determined by non-targeted metabolome analysis in seven normal return and six non-return sows. The metabolite features having higher abundance in normal return sows were enriched in the pathways Steroid hormone biosynthesis, Starch and sucrose metabolism, Galactose metabolism, and Vitamin B6 metabolism, while the metabolite features belonging to organic acids and derivatives, indoles and derivatives, sulfoxides, and lignans and neolignans had significantly higher abundance in non-return sows. Correlation analysis found that the changes in gut microbiota were associated with the shifts of serum metabolites and suggested that certain bacteria might affect estrus return of weaning sow through serum metabolites. These findings may provide new insights for understanding the role of the gut and vaginal microbiota in sow return to estrus after weaning.

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“…However, these results seem to be somewhat different from the in vivo results above, in which maternal supplementation with GABA had no marked effect on the plasma GSH-Px and CAT activity of sows. We speculate that the possible reason is that the vitro experimental environment is relatively constant and controllable, while the actual environment in the housing environment of sows is relatively complex and uncontrollable, such as the temperature and humidity [ 30 ], environmental microbiota [ 31 ], etc. In addition, the level of oxidative stress induced by H 2 O 2 may not be totally the same as the level of oxidative stress exposed by sows in an actual production environment, which might also be another reason for the discrepancy between them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Dietary Supplementation with γ-Aminobutyric Acid Alleviated Oxidative Stress in Gestating Sows and Their Offspring by Regulating GABRP

Liu

Jiang

Pang

et al. 2022

Animals

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Sows usually suffer oxidative stress during gestation, and this limits the growth of fetuses via placenta. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a functional nonessential amino acid engaged in regulating the physiological status of animals. However, the effects of GABA on the oxidative homeostasis of sows and their offspring remain unclear. Eighteen late gestating sows (85 d) were divided into the CON and GABA groups and fed the basal diet and the GABA diet (200 mg/kg GABA), respectively, until farrowing. At parturition, the sows’ litter characteristics, the plasma antioxidant parameters of sows, and their offspring were evaluated. The results showed that GABA supplementation had no marked effect on the reproductive performance of sows (p > 0.10) but had a trend of reducing the amount of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in piglets (0.05 < p < 0.10). At the same time, the addition of GABA elevated the plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) level of sows and enhanced the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of newborn piglets (p < 0.05). Based on the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in pTr-2 cells, GABA elevated intracellular GSH-Px, SOD, catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, p < 0.01) and upregulated the gene expressions of CAT, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABRP), and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) in H2O2-treated pTr-2 cells (p < 0.05). Taken together, GABA improved the antioxidant capacity of sows and alleviated the placental oxidative stress by upregulating the GABRP and Nrf2 genes, which have the potential to promote oxidative homeostasis in newborn piglets.

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Shifting sows: longitudinal changes in the periparturient faecal microbiota of primiparous and multiparous sows

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Exposure to maternal feces in lactation influences piglet enteric microbiota, growth, and survival preweaning

Exposure to maternal feces in lactation influences piglet enteric microbiota, growth, and survival preweaning

Gut and Vagina Microbiota Associated With Estrus Return of Weaning Sows and Its Correlation With the Changes in Serum Metabolites

Maternal Dietary Supplementation with γ-Aminobutyric Acid Alleviated Oxidative Stress in Gestating Sows and Their Offspring by Regulating GABRP

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