Shifting paradigms and novel players in Cys-based redox regulation and ROS signaling in plants - and where to go next

Meyer, Andreas J.; Dreyer, Anna; Ugalde, José Manuel; Feitosa-Araújo, Elias; Dietz, Karl‐Josef; Schwarzländer, Markus

doi:10.1515/hsz-2020-0291

Cited by 47 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 218 publications

(238 reference statements)

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“…The high reduction state of both compounds is connected to enhanced plant tolerance to adverse stress conditions and increased antioxidant capacity (Foyer and Noctor, 2011 ). The flexibility and rapid response of antioxidant enzymes to changing external conditions are primarily controlled by the redox state of thiol groups in their amino acid sequences, regulated by thio-, peroxi-, and glutaredoxins or other oxidoreductases (Meyer et al, in press ). One of them, NUCLEOREDOXIN 1 (NRX1), can target several important antioxidant enzymes, including CAT1, CAT2, and CAT3, GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE (GST), APX1, GLUTAREDOXIN FAMILY PROTEIN, and METHIONINE SULFOXIDE REDUCTASE (MSR) B2.…”

Section: Regulation Of Antioxidant Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling Toward Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Enzymes in Plants

et al. 2021

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules essential for plant responses to abiotic and biotic stimuli as well as for multiple developmental processes. They are produced as byproducts of aerobic metabolism and are affected by adverse environmental conditions. The ROS content is controlled on the side of their production but also by scavenging machinery. Antioxidant enzymes represent a major ROS-scavenging force and are crucial for stress tolerance in plants. Enzymatic antioxidant defense occurs as a series of redox reactions for ROS elimination. Therefore, the deregulation of the antioxidant machinery may lead to the overaccumulation of ROS in plants, with negative consequences both in terms of plant development and resistance to environmental challenges. The transcriptional activation of antioxidant enzymes accompanies the long-term exposure of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions. Fast ROS production requires the immediate mobilization of the antioxidant defense system, which may occur via retrograde signaling, redox-based modifications, and the phosphorylation of ROS detoxifying enzymes. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge on signaling processes regulating the enzymatic antioxidant capacity of plants.

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Section: Regulation Of Antioxidant Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling Toward Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Enzymes in Plants

et al. 2021

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“…However, ROS also play an intrinsic and vital role in the normal physiology of plants [ 55 ]. Subtle changes in ROS levels can mediate signaling functions such as responses to environmental changes [ 37 , 52 , 56 , 57 ] which can involve modulation of the redox state of protein thiols [ 58 ] as discussed below.…”

Section: Origin Of Reactive Oxygen Species and Methylglyoxal In Plant Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification

2021

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Glutathione is an essential metabolite for plant life best known for its role in the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione is also involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) which, much like ROS, is produced at low levels by aerobic metabolism under normal conditions. While several physiological processes depend on ROS and MG, a variety of stresses can dramatically increase their concentration leading to potentially deleterious effects. In this review, we examine the structure and the stress regulation of the pathways involved in glutathione synthesis and degradation. We provide a synthesis of the current knowledge on the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase pathway responsible for MG detoxification. We present recent developments on the organization of the glyoxalase pathway in which alternative splicing generate a number of isoforms targeted to various subcellular compartments. Stress regulation of enzymes involved in MG detoxification occurs at multiple levels. A growing number of studies show that oxidative stress promotes the covalent modification of proteins by glutathione. This post-translational modification is called S-glutathionylation. It affects the function of several target proteins and is relevant to stress adaptation. We address this regulatory function in an analysis of the enzymes and pathways targeted by S-glutathionylation.

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“…These seemingly erratic responses are far from being understood. They may be connected to synergistic and antagonistic regulation not only of antioxidant activity by electron donation to glutathione peroxidase-like proteins and PRXs [80,81], but also reflect linkages to yet unknown signalling pathways, for example by controlling redox state of transcription factors and their subcellular partitioning [82]. From Fig.…”

Section: Gene Expression Under Osmotic Cold and Drought Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome‐wide analysis and transcriptional regulation of the typical and atypical thioredoxins in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2021

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Thioredoxins (TRXs), a large subclass of ubiquitous oxidoreductases, are involved in thiol redox regulation. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of TRXs in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, revealing 41 genes encoding 18 typical and 23 atypical TRXs, and 6 genes encoding thioredoxin reductases (TRs). The high number of atypical TRXs indicates special functions in plants that mostly await elucidation. We identified an atypical class of thioredoxins called TRX-c in the genomes of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Localized to the chloroplast, TRX-c displays atypical CPLC, CHLC and CNLC motifs in the active sites. In silico analysis of the transcriptional regulations of TRXs revealed high expression of TRX-c in leaves and strong regulation under cold, osmotic, salinity and metal ion stresses.

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Shifting paradigms and novel players in Cys-based redox regulation and ROS signaling in plants - and where to go next

Cited by 47 publications

References 218 publications

Signaling Toward Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Enzymes in Plants

Signaling Toward Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Enzymes in Plants

Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification

Genome‐wide analysis and transcriptional regulation of the typical and atypical thioredoxins in Arabidopsis thaliana

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