Shifting cultivation, forest fallow, and externalities in ecosystem services: Evidence from the Eastern Amazon

Klemick, Heather

doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2010.07.003

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The main arguments that explain the slowdowns are linked to the endogenous development of transport routes from densification of networks, which raises the value of land and intensifies agricultural practices and reduces pressure on adjacent forest areas, mainly through the agro-forestry (Klemick, 2011), the implementation of protected areas, and policies to reduce income from land use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transportation costs, agricultural expansion and tropical deforestation: Theory and evidence from Peru

2015

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The growth of urban areas adjacent to forest areas, as well as international trade growth, has accelerated the demand for food. These areas of growth have led to the deforestation of tropical forests, a process that contributes negatively to climate change, and a decline in the provision of environmental services and biodiversity. This article seeks to propose and simulate a theoretical model of optimal control at the household level. This model is used to explain the dynamics of forest loss by expansion of the agricultural frontier. Under these conditions, based on tradable permanent crops, farmers decide whether to install new areas for cultivation or manage existing ones in a context of increasing transportation costs. We simulate a theoretical model using data on permanent crops in the high forest of Peru. The results of the model establish that there is a limit to the expansion of the agricultural frontier of the rainforest due to transportation costs. This limit can be surpassed in the context of the free movement of labor whenever these costs cause a decrease and/or increase in the price of land cultivation. Finally, the main policy recommendations of this study emphasize the subordination of transport policy to agroforestry and the conservation of forest ecosystems policies. Agroforestry design forest policies should consider the differential impact of the construction of highways and rural roads on the loss of tree cover as well as on sustainable food production, given that deforestation is not accelerated by the mere existence of roads but by the incentives that are presented to settlers to guide their efforts toward clearing new forest areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transportation costs, agricultural expansion and tropical deforestation: Theory and evidence from Peru

2015

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“…For built-up landscapes to expand into forested areas the land clearing requires large investments of labor and effort [28]. A developer or a small group of developers starts the deforestation process usually within a frontier clearing region [29] because it is more economical to acquire land.…”

Section: B Factors That Drive Deforestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deforestation across the World: Causes and Alternatives for Mitigating

Silva¹,

Rodgers²

2018

IJESD

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Abstract-We underline the main causes of deforestation and present a framework for mitigating the continual loss of forest habitat around the world. The causes of deforestation are complex and they operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales, yet they are related to societal and political factors. Societal factors consist of human migration within rural settings and poverty. Political factors include ineffective land management and negligence of monitoring and protecting forest commodities. Combined, these factors present arduous challenges to protecting forest habitats. In turn, there are at least three strategies to reduce further forest loss. The first strategy involves the cessation of timber cutting and extraction of other forest products. But just as important is the second strategy of creating and maintaining more Environmental Protected Areas. The third strategy is perhaps the greatest challenge, and it involves the adoption of the "green nudge principle", whereby individuals are educated to modify individual behaviors related to patterns of consumption and to the conservation of remaining forests. This is especially true for the increasingly endangered primary forests. An adoption of these mitigation strategies will help reduce deforestation and will help improve global environments.

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“…The human populations living in the Amazon delta are highly dependent on local extraction of natural resources (Ludewigs et al 2009;Guedes et al 2012), and the densely inhabited areas now show declines in the abundance of fish and game, water quality and in the quality of soils for smallholding agricultural production (Almeida et al 2003;Brabo et al 2003). Natural and anthropogenic perturbations in the Amazon delta region are reported to be degrading its capacity to maintain carbon storage in biomass and soils, rainfall regimes, river flow, nutrient cycling and the modulation of regional climate patterns (Boerner et al 2007;Foley et al 2007;Klemick 2011;de Araujo Barbosa and Atkinson 2013). The delta is also predicted under climate change scenarios to experience a decrease in rainfall, and it is unclear how this will impact social and ecological systems developing in the delta (Nepstad et al 2011;Vergara and Scholz 2011;Tao et al 2013).…”

Section: Amazonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary social and biogeophysical changes in the Amazon, Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna and Mekong deltas

et al. 2016

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Policy-making in social-ecological systems increasingly looks to iterative, evolutionary approaches that can address the inherent complexity of interactions between human wellbeing, provision of goods and the maintenance of ecosystem services. Here, we show how the analysis of available time-series in tropical delta regions over past decades can provide important insight into the social-ecological system dynamics in deltaic regions. The paper provides exploratory analysis of the recent changes that have occurred in the major elements of three tropical deltaic social-ecological systems, such as demography, economy, health, climate, food, and water. Timeseries data from official statistics, monitoring programmes and Earth observation data are analysed to explore possible trends, slow and fast variables, and observed drivers of change in the Amazon, Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Mekong deltas. In the Ganges-BrahmaputraMeghna delta zone, increasing gross domestic product and per capita income levels since the 1980s mirror rising levels of food and inland fish production. In contrast, non-food ecosystem services, such as water availability, water quality and land stability appear to be deteriorating. In the Amazon delta, natural and anthropogenic perturbations are continuously degrading key ecosystem services, such as carbon storage in biomass and soils, the regulation of water balance, and the modulation of regional climate patterns. In the Mekong delta, rapid economic development, changing land use practices and salinity intrusion, are progressively putting more pressure on the delivery of important provisioning services, such as rice and inland aquaculture production, which are key sources of staple food, farm incomes and export revenue. Observed changes in many key indicators of ecosystem services point to a changing dynamic state and increased probability of systemic threshold transformations in the near future.

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Shifting cultivation, forest fallow, and externalities in ecosystem services: Evidence from the Eastern Amazon

Cited by 47 publications

References 24 publications

Transportation costs, agricultural expansion and tropical deforestation: Theory and evidence from Peru

Transportation costs, agricultural expansion and tropical deforestation: Theory and evidence from Peru

Deforestation across the World: Causes and Alternatives for Mitigating

Evolutionary social and biogeophysical changes in the Amazon, Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna and Mekong deltas

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