Shift of the Tick Ixodes ricinus and Tick-Borne Encephalitis to Higher Altitudes in Central Europe

Daniel, M.; Danielová, V.; Kříž, B; Jirsa, A.; Nožička, J.

doi:10.1007/s10096-003-0918-2

Cited by 147 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The possibility that this is caused by climate effects on ticks is suggested by the northward extension of I. ricinus distribution [11, 12]. Similarly, an upward movement of the TBE prevalence altitude ceiling correlating with increasing temperatures has been reported [15, 56], which accords with reports of increasing numbers of active ticks at higher altitudes [15]. …”

Section: Effects On Tick-borne Diseases In Europementioning

confidence: 61%

“…Field studies in 1957 and in 1979-80 showed that ticks were prevalent up to 700 meters above sea level. Ticks were collected from dogs or by drag-sampling in the same locations in 2001 and 2002 and were then found as high as 1100 meters in areas where they had been absent from small mammal samples [15–17] and where it has been shown that they could not complete their life cycle over the period 1957–1983 [18]. Furthermore, the prevalence of ticks carrying the TBE virus or B. burgdorferi s. l. spirochetes also seems to have increased at high altitude in the Czech Republic [16, 19].…”

Section: Effects Of Climate Change On Tick Distribution and Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Climate Change on Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in Europe

Gray

Dautel²,

Estrada-Peña

et al. 2009

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

565

438

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Zoonotic tick-borne diseases are an increasing health burden in Europe and there is speculation that this is partly due to climate change affecting vector biology and disease transmission. Data on the vector tick Ixodes ricinus suggest that an extension of its northern and altitude range has been accompanied by an increased prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis. Climate change may also be partly responsible for the change in distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus. Increased winter activity of I. ricinus is probably due to warmer winters and a retrospective study suggests that hotter summers will change the dynamics and pattern of seasonal activity, resulting in the bulk of the tick population becoming active in the latter part of the year. Climate suitability models predict that eight important tick species are likely to establish more northern permanent populations in a climate-warming scenario. However, the complex ecology and epidemiology of such tick-borne diseases as Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis make it difficult to implicate climate change as the main cause of their increasing prevalence. Climate change models are required that take account of the dynamic biological processes involved in vector abundance and pathogen transmission in order to predict future tick-borne disease scenarios.

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Section: Effects On Tick-borne Diseases In Europementioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Effects Of Climate Change On Tick Distribution and Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Climate Change on Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in Europe

Gray

Dautel²,

Estrada-Peña

et al. 2009

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

565

438

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are reports on field observations of the spread of ticks in several areas of the world (Tälleklint and Jaenson, 1998; Daniel et al, 2003; Materna et al, 2005; Ogden et al, 2008; Jaenson and Lindgren, 2011; Madder et al, 2012). This has kindled interest in capturing the basic patterns of climate and other environmental features regulating the geographical ranges of ticks and their associated pathogens.…”

Section: Mathematical Models Applied To Capture the Niches Of Ticks Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the ecology of ticks and tick-borne pathogens—methodological principles and caveats

Estrada-Peña¹,

Gray²,

Kahl³

et al. 2013

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

169

122

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Interest in tick-transmitted pathogens has experienced an upsurge in the past few decades. Routine application of tools for the detection of fragments of foreign DNA in ticks, together with a high degree of interest in the quantification of disease risk for humans, has led to a marked increase in the number of reports on the eco-epidemiology of tick-borne diseases. However, procedural errors continue to accumulate in the scientific literature, resulting in misleading information. For example, unreliable identification of ticks and pathogens, erroneous interpretations of short-term field studies, and the hasty acceptance of some tick species as vectors have led to ambiguities regarding the vector role of these arthropods. In this review, we focus on the ecological features driving the life cycle of ticks and the resulting effects on the eco-epidemiology of tick-transmitted pathogens. We review the factors affecting field collections of ticks, and we describe the biologically and ecologically appropriate procedures for describing tick host-seeking activity and its correlation with environmental traits. We detail the climatic variables that have biological importance on ticks and explain how they should be properly measured and analyzed. We also provide evidence to critically reject the use of some environmental traits that are being increasingly reported as the drivers of the behavior of ticks. With the aim of standardization, we propose unambiguous definitions of the status of hosts and ticks regarding their ability to maintain and spread a given pathogen. We also describe laboratory procedures and standards for evaluating the vectorial capacity of a tick or the reservoir role of a host. This approach should provide a coherent framework for the reporting of research findings concerning ticks and tick-borne diseases.

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“…Tick-borne diseases are of increasing public health concern because of range expansions of both vectors and pathogens (Daniel et al, 2003; Falco et al, 1995; Ogden et al, 2008b). To understand these processes and to predict future trajectories, detailed data on the contemporary population structure and on the evolutionary and demographic histories that have shaped the populations are essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetics, taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato

Margos

Vollmer

Ogden

et al. 2011

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

227

218

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In order to understand the population structure and dynamics of bacterial microorganisms, typing systems that accurately reflect the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationship of the agents are required. Over the past 15 years multilocus sequence typing schemes have replaced single locus approaches, giving novel insights into phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of many bacterial species and facilitating taxonomy. Since 2004, several schemes using multiple loci have been developed to better understand the taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of Lyme borreliosis spirochetes and in this paper we have reviewed and summarized the progress that has been made for this important group of vector-borne zoonotic bacteria.

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Shift of the Tick Ixodes ricinus and Tick-Borne Encephalitis to Higher Altitudes in Central Europe

Cited by 147 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of Climate Change on Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in Europe

Effects of Climate Change on Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in Europe

Research on the ecology of ticks and tick-borne pathogens—methodological principles and caveats

Population genetics, taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato

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