Shift in polyphenol profile and sublethal phenotype caused by silencing of anthocyanidin synthase in apple (Malus sp.)

Szankowski, I.; Flachowsky, Henryk; Li, Houhua; Halbwirth, Heidi; Treutter, D.; Regos, Ionela; Hanke, Magda‐Viola; Stich, Karl; Fischer, Thilo C.

doi:10.1007/s00425-008-0864-4

Cited by 61 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The value 'L*' represents brightness, 'a*' represents a transition from greenness to redness as the value increases from negative to positive, 'b*' represents blueness/yellowness, 'C*' represents saturation and h* represents hue angle. Error bars on each symbol are mean ± SE of three replicate reactions accumulation in the leaves collected from ANS-RNAi suppression lines in apple (Malus domestica; Szankowski et al 2009). Conversely, in this current study, over-expression of the McANS-1 gene in tobacco increased the content of anthocyanins and the expression of endogenous anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a promoter analysis of the Forsythia intermedia ANS gene FiANS, it was shown that the lack of gene expression was the major reason for the absence of anthocyanins in the petals (Rosati et al 1999). Moreover, in Gentiana triflora and apple reduced ANS expression resulted in fewer anthocyanin biosynthesis and a much weaker organ color (Nakatsuka et al 2005a, b;Szankowski et al 2009). However, the mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation and the function of ANS in Malus plant have yet to be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The expression level of anthocyanidin synthase determines the anthocyanin content of crabapple (Malus sp.) petals

et al. 2015

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In addition to contributing to the coloration of plant organs and their defense against herbivores, the consumption of anthocyanins in the human diet has a number of health benefits. Crabapple (Malus sp.) represents a valuable experimental model system to research the mechanisms and regulation of anthocyanin accumulation, in part due to the often vivid and varied petal and leaf coloration that is exhibited by various cultivars. The enzyme anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) plays a pivotal role in anthocyanin biosynthesis; however, the relationship between ANS expression and petal pigmentation has yet to be established in crabapple. To illuminate the mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in crabapple petals, we evaluated the expression of two crabapple ANS allelic genes (McANS-1 and McANS-2) and the levels of anthocyanins in petals from cultivars with dark red ('Royalty') and white ('Flame') petals, as well as another ('Radiant') whose petals have an intermediate pink color. We determined that the expression of McANS in the three cultivars correlated with the variation of anthocyanin accumulation during different petal developmental stages. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco plants constitutively overexpressing one of the two McANS genes, McANS-1, had showed elevated anthocyanin accumulation and a deeper red coloration in their petals than those from untransformed control lines. In conclusion, we propose that McANS are responsible for anthocyanin accumulation during petal coloration in different crabapple cultivars.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The expression level of anthocyanidin synthase determines the anthocyanin content of crabapple (Malus sp.) petals

et al. 2015

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“…Phenolic compounds dominate the secondary chemistry of apple plants, consisting mainly of the two dihydrochalcones phloretin (Fig. 1) and its glucoside phloridzin (Gosch et al 2009;Szankowski et al 2009). These two flavonoid compounds are related with phloretin being the hydrolysis product of phloridzin (Gosch et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-plant distribution of induced resistance in apple seedlings: rapid acropetal and delayed basipetal responses

Gutbrodt

Mody

Wittwer

et al. 2011

Planta

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Induction of plant resistance by herbivory is a complex process, which follows a temporal dynamic and varies spatially at the within-plant scale. This study aimed at improving the understanding of the induction process in terms of time scale and within-plant allocation, using apple tree seedlings (Malus 9 domestica) as plant model. Feeding preferences of a leaf-chewing insect (Spodoptera littoralis) for previously damaged and undamaged plants were assessed for six different time intervals with respect to the herbivore damage treatment and for three leaf positions. In addition, main secondary defense compounds were quantified and linked to herbivore feeding preferences. Significant herbivore preference for undamaged plants (induced resistance) was first observed 3 days after herbivore damage in the most apical leaf. Responses were delayed in the other leaf positions, and induced resistance decreased within 10 days after herbivore damage simultaneously in all tested leaf positions. Chemical analysis revealed higher concentrations of the flavonoid phloridzin in damaged plants as compared to undamaged plants. This indicates that herbivore preference for undamaged apple plants may be linked to phloridzin, which is the main secondary metabolite of apple leaves. The observed time course and distribution of resistance responses within plants contribute to the understanding of induction processes and patterns, and support the optimal defense theory stating young tissue to be prioritized. Moreover, induced resistance responses occurred also basipetally in leaves below the damage site, which suggests that signaling pathways involved in resistance responses are not unidirectional.

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“…A previous study showed that transgenic silencing of ANS in apples largely ablated anthocyanin biosynthesis, resulting in a shift in the profiles of flavonoids and their related polyphenols, and significantly reduced plant viability (Szankowski et al, 2009). Consistent with this, the flavonoid profile that results from overexpression of ANS has been shown to be associated with increased antioxidant potential in rice (Reddy et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Cloning of an anthocyanidin synthase gene homolog from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) and its expression at different fruit stages

Li¹,

Wang²,

Yu³

2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), a 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase, catalyzes the penultimate step in anthocyanin biosynthesis, from leucoanthocyanidins to anthocyanidins, the first colored compound in the anthocyanin pathway. In this study, a full-length, 1427-bp long cDNA named RnANS1, which is homologous to the anthocyanidin synthase gene, was cloned from blackcurrant using a homologous cloning strategy. RnANS1 is highly homologous to other plant ANS genes at both the nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels. The deduced protein contains domains conserved in the 2OG and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase, and is phylogenetically closely related to Paeonia suffruticosa and Paeonia lactiflora. The expression of RnANS1 was upregulated during fruit maturation, and correlated with the accumulation of anthocyanins and soluble carbohydrates in the fruit. Further characterization of the structure and expression patterns of RnANS1 will clarify our understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in (2015) blackcurrant, and support the development of molecular approaches to manipulate anthocyanin production in this plant.

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Shift in polyphenol profile and sublethal phenotype caused by silencing of anthocyanidin synthase in apple (Malus sp.)

Cited by 61 publications

References 38 publications

The expression level of anthocyanidin synthase determines the anthocyanin content of crabapple (Malus sp.) petals

The expression level of anthocyanidin synthase determines the anthocyanin content of crabapple (Malus sp.) petals

Within-plant distribution of induced resistance in apple seedlings: rapid acropetal and delayed basipetal responses

Cloning of an anthocyanidin synthase gene homolog from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) and its expression at different fruit stages

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