Shiffing Sands: A Folsom Midland Assemblage From A Campsite in Western Texas

Soil-geomorphic relations of lamellae in eolian sand on the High Plains of Texas and New Mexico

“…9400-8300 14 C years BP) (Holliday, 2000b) and Shifting Sands yielded Folsom artifacts (ca. 10,900-10,000 14 C years BP) (Hofman et al, 1990;Holliday, 1997aHolliday, , 2000b. The lamella zone at Shifting Sands is covered by fresh, unweathered, probably Historic eolian sand, indicating that the lamellae had 10,000 radiocarbon years to develop.…”

An analysis of Folsom projectile point resharpening using quantitative comparisons of form and allometry

“…Over 5000 artifacts have been mapped and recovered from the surface of the site [8,48]. Several areas of artifact concentration have been identified.…”

“…Considerable efforts also have been expended toward determining how and why Folsom points were manufactured and fluted [2,3,20,26,29,31,33,34,36,56,83,87,91]. This attention to a particular artifact type, however, is not unwarranted considering the limited nature of the Folsom archaeological record (e.g., [30,42,48,54]), the apparent care and technical sophistication in the manufacture of such points (e.g., [29]), and the implicit importance of this weapon type in a highly mobile hunting culture [6,17,46,64,68].…”

Beyond the point: projectile manufacture and behavioral inference

“…While Bobtail Wolf [58] or Adair Steadman [67] illustrates such a behavior, other sites such as Hanson [29,41], Shifting Sands [38], and Agate Basin demonstrate that this is not the rule. Ingbar and Hofman [43] have suggested that fluting is not systematically performed at the quarry because intermediary forms performed an important role in the Folsom toolkit.…”

“…It appears then, that bifaces were sometimes transported as part of the Folsom tool kit only to be later transformed into points. Flake blanks were possibly removed from even larger bifacial cores [65,38]. The size of the blank varies archaeologically, mostly because point production, and ultimately blank choice, was dictated by situational circumstances such as availability of raw material [36], social setting [8,51], availability of game, etc.…”