Shielding from solar particle event exposures in deep space

“…Energy spectra of some of the most severe solar proton events during solar cycles 19-22 are shown in Fig. 18 [72]. In addition, there are event classification schemes in which the magnitudes range from "small" to "extremely large" that may be helpful for design purposes [73], [74].…”

Section: ) Worst Case Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Earth Space Radiation Models

Xapsos

O’Neill

O’Brien

2013

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…The stromal cells reside on the bone surface and consist of those populations associated with the yellow marrow. The stem cells attach to the stroma and cytokines are transferred through cell-to-cell gap junction channels during hematopoiesis, however stem cells are highly mobile inside the body and circulate in the blood to other, perhaps depleted sites of the marrow thus aiding survival ) 7 . The stroma cells provide growth factors that are responsible for the rate of cell propagation among the various stem populations.…”

Section: Health Effect Modifying Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. One may identify critical fluence levels where exposure limits in Table 2 are exceeded as given in Table 3 (Wilson et al 1999) 7 . It is clear from these response curves that the main effect of shielding is to move the critical energies to higher values with little effect on the critical fluence level.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spacesuit Radiation Shield Design Methods

Wilson¹,

Anderson²,

Cucinotta³

et al. 2006

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Meeting radiation protection requirements during EVA is predominantly an operational issue with some potential considerations for temporary shelter. The issue of spacesuit shielding is mainly guided by the potential of accidental exposure when operational and temporary shelter considerations fail to maintain exposures within operational limits. In this case, very high exposure levels are possible which could result in observable health effects and even be life threatening. Under these assumptions, potential spacesuit radiation exposures have been studied using known historical solar particle events to gain insight on the usefulness of modification of spacesuit design in which the control of skin exposure is a critical design issue and reduction of blood forming organ exposure is desirable. Transition to a new spacesuit design including soft upper-torso and reconfigured life support hardware gives an opportunity to optimize the next generation spacesuit for reduced potential health effects during an accidental exposure.

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“…A minimum of 10 cm Al equivalent seems to be an appropriate shielding level for a storm shelter to protect from extreme SPEs. It is well known that the use of low-atomic mass and high-hydrogen content materials is highly beneficial in terms of reduction of the spacecraft mass and dose equivalent exposure (Wilson et al 1999). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The magnitude and effects of extreme solar particle events

Jiggens

Chavy-Macdonald

Santin

et al. 2014

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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The solar energetic particle (SEP) radiation environment is an important consideration for spacecraft design, spacecraft mission planning and human spaceflight. Herein is presented an investigation into the likely severity of effects of a very large Solar Particle Event (SPE) on technology and humans in space. Fluences for SPEs derived using statistical models are compared to historical SPEs to verify their appropriateness for use in the analysis which follows. By combining environment tools with tools to model effects behind varying layers of spacecraft shielding it is possible to predict what impact a large SPE would be likely to have on a spacecraft in Near-Earth interplanetary space or geostationary Earth orbit. Also presented is a comparison of results generated using the traditional method of inputting the environment spectra, determined using a statistical model, into effects tools and a new method developed as part of the ESA SEPEM Project allowing for the creation of an effect time series on which statistics, previously applied to the flux data, can be run directly. The SPE environment spectra is determined and presented as energy integrated proton fluence (cm À2 ) as a function of particle energy (in MeV). This is input into the SHIELDOSE-2, MULASSIS, NIEL, GRAS and SEU effects tools to provide the output results. In the case of the new method for analysis, the flux time series is fed directly into the MULASSIS and GEMAT tools integrated into the SEPEM system. The output effect quantities include total ionising dose (in rads), non-ionising energy loss (MeV g À1 ), single event upsets (upsets/bit) and the dose in humans compared to established limits for stochastic (or cancer-causing) effects and tissue reactions (such as acute radiation sickness) in humans given in grey-equivalent and sieverts respectively.

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Shielding from solar particle event exposures in deep space

Cited by 88 publications

References 10 publications

Near-Earth Space Radiation Models

Near-Earth Space Radiation Models

Spacesuit Radiation Shield Design Methods

The magnitude and effects of extreme solar particle events

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