SHERLOC: Scanning habitable environments with Raman &amp;amp; luminescence for organics &amp;amp; chemicals

Beegle, L. W.; Bhartia, R.; White, Mary L.; DeFlores, L.; Abbey, W. J.; Wu, Yen-Hung; Cameron, Bruce; Moore, James D.; Fries, M.; Burton, Aaron; Edgett, K. S.; Ravine, M. A.; Hug, W.; Reid, R. D.; Nelson, Tony; Clegg, S. M.; Wiens, R. C.; Asher, Sanford A.; Sobrón, P.

doi:10.1109/aero.2015.7119105

Cited by 116 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A Raman spectrometer can be used to clearly differentiate between ice and liquid brine . One such instrument, the Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) will fly on the 2020 ExoMars Rover (Hutchinson et al 2014) and another one in the same year in SHERLOC on Mars 2020 (Beegle et al 2015). Although their main goal is to look for geological biosignatures, both have the capability to detect liquid brine.…”

Section: Liquid Water and The H 2 O Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

The Modern Near-Surface Martian Climate: A Review of In-situ Meteorological Data from Viking to Curiosity

et al. 2017

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We analyze the complete set of in-situ meteorological data obtained from the Viking landers in the 1970s to today's Curiosity rover to review our understanding of the modern near-surface climate of Mars, with focus on the dust, CO 2 and H 2 O cycles and their impact on the radiative and thermodynamic conditions near the surface. In particular, we provide values of the highest confidence possible for atmospheric opacity, atmospheric pressure, near-surface air temperature, ground temperature, near-surface wind speed and direction, and near-surface air relative humidity and water vapor content. Then, we study the diurnal, seasonal and interannual variability of these quantities over a span of more thanThe original version of this article was revised because due to an unfortunate turn of events a wrong value was published in Table 1. The resolution of the PHX pressure sensor was published as "0.1 mbar" whereas this value has now been corrected to "0.1 Pa" which is the correct value and should be regarded as the final version by the reader. B G.M. Martínez

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Section: Liquid Water and The H 2 O Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

The Modern Near-Surface Martian Climate: A Review of In-situ Meteorological Data from Viking to Curiosity

et al. 2017

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“…Although excitation wavelength selection for flight instrumentation has been discussed extensively in the literature (Vítek et al, 2012b;Wang, 2012), only spectrometers that use green (Rull et al, 2011;Clegg et al, 2014) and UV (Beegle et al, 2014) excitation have been successfully proposed for space missions to date. Near-infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy is usually considered most suitable for the study of ancient materials such as reduced carbon deposits, so in light of the current interest in detecting such materials on Mars, it is important to evaluate the performance of portable NIR Raman spectrometers.…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of Portable Spectrometers for Planetary Exploration: A Comparison of 532 nm and 785 nm Raman Spectroscopy of Reduced Carbon in Archean Cherts

et al. 2015

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Knowledge and understanding of the martian environment has advanced greatly over the past two decades, beginning with NASA's return to the surface of Mars with the Pathfinder mission and its rover Sojourner in 1997 and continuing today with data being returned by the Curiosity rover. Reduced carbon, however, is yet to be detected on the martian surface, despite its abundance in meteorites originating from the planet. If carbon is detected on Mars, it could be a remnant of extinct life, although an abiotic source is much more likely. If the latter is the case, environmental carbonaceous material would still provide a source of carbon that could be utilized by microbial life for biochemical synthesis and could therefore act as a marker for potential habitats, indicating regions that should be investigated further. For this reason, the detection and characterization of reduced or organic carbon is a top priority for both the ESA/Roscosmos ExoMars rover, currently due for launch in 2018, and for NASA's Mars 2020 mission. Here, we present a Raman spectroscopic study of Archean chert Mars analog samples from the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. Raman spectra were acquired with a flight-representative 532 nm instrument and a 785 nm instrument with similar operating parameters. Reduced carbon was successfully detected with both instruments; however, its Raman bands were detected more readily with 785 nm excitation, and the corresponding spectra exhibited superior signal-to-noise ratios and reduced background levels.

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“…With a 633 nm excitation wavelength, the onset of strong fluorescence is for H:C ~0.6-0.65. However, instruments using higher energy excitations up to UV, such SHERLOC, slated to fly on the Mars2020 rover mission [75] would either limit fluorescence or completely remove it, allowing for the application of this method beyond current limits. We purposely chose OM with very different biological origin (marine PPRG vs terrestrial plant Type III kerogen) and oxygen content (low in PPRG, high in Type III kerogen) to extract the correlations between D5/(G+D2) and (D4 + D5)/(G+D2) vs H:C, to further highlight the universality of this method across different types of OM (Fig.…”

Section: The Higher Limit For the Estimate Of H:c From D5/(g+d2) And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid, direct and non-destructive assessment of fossil organic matter via microRaman spectroscopy

Ferralis

Matys

Knoll

et al. 2016

Carbon

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Raman spectroscopy is widely used to evaluate the nature and potential origins of carbonaceous matter in Earth's oldest rocks and minerals. It is also the tool that will be used for organic detection on the next vehicles to remotely explore the surface of Mars.Here we present, for the first time, a novel quantitative method in which previously neglected Raman spectral features are correlated directly, linearly, and with excellent accuracy, to the microchemistry of carbonaceous materials through the elemental H:C ratio, regardless of contamination. We show applicability and predictive capabilities of this methodology in evaluating H:C ratios between 0.01 and 0.65 in Archean and type III kerogens. We demonstrate its application to chemical microRaman mapping by statistical analysis of a 750Ma microfossil and its encompassing sediments. Raman-derived H:C data can also be used to estimate the degree to which kerogen C-isotopic data has been shifted from its original values due to the effects of metamorphism. The new methodology directly and non-invasively affords spatially resolved assessments of organic matter preservation and microscale chemical diversity within any geologically 2 preserved terrestrial or extraterrestrial sample, including in the use of organic matter in technological applications.

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SHERLOC: Scanning habitable environments with Raman & luminescence for organics & chemicals

Cited by 116 publications

References 15 publications

The Modern Near-Surface Martian Climate: A Review of In-situ Meteorological Data from Viking to Curiosity

The Modern Near-Surface Martian Climate: A Review of In-situ Meteorological Data from Viking to Curiosity

Selection of Portable Spectrometers for Planetary Exploration: A Comparison of 532 nm and 785 nm Raman Spectroscopy of Reduced Carbon in Archean Cherts

Rapid, direct and non-destructive assessment of fossil organic matter via microRaman spectroscopy

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