Shells of <i>Patella aspera</i> as ‘islands’ for epibionts

Martins, Gustavo M.; Faria, João; Furtado, Miguel; Neto, Ana I.

doi:10.1017/s0025315414000447

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This conclusion is supported by past field experiments that have documented a positive relationship between the abundance of second-order habitat-formers and their inhabitants (Figure 4 Figure 1) for the two seaweeds and the colonial bryozoan, but not the two shell-forming molluscs. The latter result contrasts with other studies that have found strong size dependency of inhabitants attached to shells (Gribben et al, 2009;Martins et al, 2014;Thyrring et al, 2015;Wernberg et al, 2010).…”

Section: Amounts Of Habitat-formerscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…For the survey data, we treated each individual habitat-former as an independent replicate (spatial and temporal effects were addressed in the experiments) (Gribben et al, 2009;Martins et al, 2014; Thyrring, Thomsen, & Wernberg, 2013;Voultsiadou, Pyrounaki, & Chintiroglou, 2007). From the survey data, we first plotted the number of inhabitants versus the biomass of individual habitat-formers (= "individual size-based affinity graphs") and then plotted the number of accumulated inhabitants versus the accumulated biomass of the habitat-formers (= "accumulated affinity curves").…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A sixth‐level habitat cascade increases biodiversity in an intertidal estuary

Thomsen

Hildebrand

South

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Many studies have documented habitat cascades where two co‐occurring habitat‐forming species control biodiversity. However, more than two habitat‐formers could theoretically co‐occur. We here documented a sixth‐level habitat cascade from the Avon‐Heathcote Estuary, New Zealand, by correlating counts of attached inhabitants to the size and accumulated biomass of their biogenic hosts. These data revealed predictable sequences of habitat‐formation (=attachment space). First, the bivalve Austrovenus provided habitat for green seaweeds (Ulva) that provided habitat for trochid snails in a typical estuarine habitat cascade. However, the trochids also provided habitat for the nonnative bryozoan Conopeum that provided habitat for the red seaweed Gigartina that provided habitat for more trochids, thereby resetting the sequence of the habitat cascade, theoretically in perpetuity. Austrovenus is here the basal habitat‐former that controls this “long” cascade. The strength of facilitation increased with seaweed frond size, accumulated seaweed biomass, accumulated shell biomass but less with shell size. We also found that Ulva attached to all habitat‐formers, trochids attached to Ulva and Gigartina, and Conopeum and Gigartina predominately attached to trochids. These “affinities” for different habitat‐forming species probably reflect species‐specific traits of juveniles and adults. Finally, manipulative experiments confirmed that the amount of seaweed and trochids was important and consistent regulators of the habitat cascade in different estuarine environments. We also interpreted this cascade as a habitat‐formation network that describes the likelihood of an inhabitant being found attached to a specific habitat‐former. We conclude that the strength of the cascade increased with the amount of higher‐order habitat‐formers, with differences in form and function between higher and lower‐order habitat‐formers, and with the affinity of inhabitants for higher‐order habitat‐formers. We suggest that long habitat cascades are common where species traits allow for physical attachment to other species, such as in marine benthic systems and old forest.

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Section: Amounts Of Habitat-formerscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sixth‐level habitat cascade increases biodiversity in an intertidal estuary

Thomsen

Hildebrand

South

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…We identified all biota to their lowest level of classification, and where further formal classification could not occur, evident differences between individuals of the same family were undertaken to allow division into functional types, referred to as epibionts (Bryan et al., ; Martins, Faria, Furtado, & Neto, ; Wahl, ). For example, worms of family Serpulidae were subdivided into functional types of white, pink, and gray‐colored calciferous tubes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and area predict patterns of species richness in pumice rafts contingent on oceanic climatic zone encountered

Velasquez

Bryan

Ekins

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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The theory of island biogeography predicts that area and age explain species richness patterns (or alpha diversity) in insular habitats. Using a unique natural phenomenon, pumice rafting, we measured the influence of area, age, and oceanic climate on patterns of species richness. Pumice rafts are formed simultaneously when submarine volcanoes erupt, the pumice clasts breakup irregularly, forming irregularly shaped pumice stones which while floating through the ocean are colonized by marine biota. We analyze two eruption events and more than 5,000 pumice clasts collected from 29 sites and three climatic zones. Overall, the older and larger pumice clasts held more species. Pumice clasts arriving in tropical and subtropical climates showed this same trend, where in temperate locations species richness (alpha diversity) increased with area but decreased with age. Beta diversity analysis of the communities forming on pumice clasts that arrived in different climatic zones showed that tropical and subtropical clasts transported similar communities, while species composition on temperate clasts differed significantly from both tropical and subtropical arrivals. Using these thousands of insular habitats, we find strong evidence that area and age but also climatic conditions predict the fundamental dynamics of species richness colonizing pumice clasts.

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“…Quantitative recording of the presence and coverage of macroalgal species from subtidal rocky habitat (by the Island Aquatic Ecology Subgroup of cE3c-ABG). Boudouresque et al 1992, Cabioc'h et al 1992, Maggs and Hommersand 1993, Irvine and Chamberlain 1994, Brodie et al 2007, Lloréns et al 2012, Rodríguez-Prieto et al 2013.…”

Section: Figure 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine algal flora of Santa Maria Island, Azores

Neto¹,

Parente²,

Cacabelos³

et al. 2021

BDJ

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The algal flora of the Island of Santa Maria (eastern group of the Azores archipelago) has attracted interest of researchers on past occasions (Drouët 1866, Agardh 1870, Trelease 1897, Schmidt 1931, Ardré et al. 1974, Fralick and Hehre 1990, Neto et al. 1991, Morton and Britton 2000, Amen et al. 2005, Wallenstein and Neto 2006, Tittley et al. 2009, Wallenstein et al. 2009a, Wallenstein et al. 2010, Botelho et al. 2010, Torres et al. 2010, León-Cisneros et al. 2011, Martins et al. 2014, Micael et al. 2014, Rebelo et al. 2014, Ávila et al. 2015, Ávila et al. 2016, Machín-Sánchez et al. 2016, Uchman et al. 2016, Johnson et al. 2017, Parente et al. 2018). Nevertheless, the Island macroalgal flora is not well-known as published information reflects limited collections obtained in short-term visits by scientists. To overcome this, a thorough investigation, encompassing collections and presence data recording, was undertaken at both the littoral and sublittoral levels down to a depth of approximately 40 m, covering an area of approximately 64 km2. The resultant taxonomic records are listed in the present paper which also provides information on species ecology and occurrence around the Island, improving, thereby, the knowledge of the Azorean macroalgal flora at both local and regional scales. A total of 2329 specimens (including some taxa identified only to genus level) belonging to 261 taxa of macroalgae are registered, comprising 152 Rhodophyta, 43 Chlorophyta and 66 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). Of these, 174 were identified to species level (102 Rhodophyta, 29 Chlorophyta and 43 Ochrophyta), encompassing 52 new records for the Island (30 Rhodophyta, 9 Chlorophyta and 13 Ochrophyta), 2 Macaronesian endemics (Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodríguez & Haroun; and Millerella tinerfensis (Seoane-Camba) S.M.Boo & J.M.Rico), 10 introduced (the Rhodophyta Acrothamnion preissii (Sonder) E.M.Wollaston, Antithamnion hubbsii E.Y.Dawson, Asparagopsis armata Harvey, Bonnemaisonia hamifera Hariot, Melanothamnus harveyi (Bailey) Díaz-Tapia & Maggs, Scinaia acuta M.J.Wynne and Symphyocladia marchantioides (Harvey) Falkenberg; the Chlorophyta Codium fragile subsp. fragile (Suringar) Hariot; and the Ochrophyta Hydroclathrus tilesii (Endlicher) Santiañez & M.J.Wynne, and Papenfussiella kuromo (Yendo) Inagaki) and 18 species of uncertain status (11 Rhodophyta, 3 Chlorophyta and 4 Ochrophyta).

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Shells of Patella aspera as ‘islands’ for epibionts

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

A sixth‐level habitat cascade increases biodiversity in an intertidal estuary

A sixth‐level habitat cascade increases biodiversity in an intertidal estuary

Age and area predict patterns of species richness in pumice rafts contingent on oceanic climatic zone encountered

Marine algal flora of Santa Maria Island, Azores

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