Shellfish-Eating Preceramic Indians in Coastal Brazil

Fairbridge, Rhodes W.

doi:10.1126/science.191.4225.353

Cited by 118 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Nevertheless, as opposed to the world-wide sea level curve presented at the time (Bloom, 1971), the data in Delibrias and Laborel (1971) indicated that, during the last 6,000 years, the sea level was approximately 3 m above its present position. The same pattern was corroborated by a sea level curve presented by Fairbridge (1976) for the Brazilian coastline, which was mainly based on shell-middens. Martin et al (1979) presented the Salvador Curve, which is one of the most representative amongst the Holocene curves outlined for the Brazilian coastline, because it was based on various proxy records.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Indicators of Holocene sea level changes along the coast of the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba, Brazil

Suguío

Barreto

Oliveira

et al. 2013

Geol. USP, Sér. cient.

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This study deals with the Holocene relative sea level (RSL) changes along the Brazilian northeastern coast, in particular along the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba. It presents 25 sea level superficial indicators, dominantly of a biological nature (i.e., vermetid gastropod tubes encrusted on rocky surfaces, as well as mollusk shells in live positions contained within beachrocks and paleomangrove deposits). Moreover, diatomological and palynological analyses have been carried out on a drilling core obtained from the Olhos d'Água lagoon (Southeastern Recife, Pernambuco state) with a length of about 2.7 m and age of about 8,300 cal yr BP at the base. The envelope RSL change curve obtained through the interpretation of the data indicates that, after reaching the current level ~ 7,400 cal yr BP, a sea level culmination of ~ 3 m above sea level was attained between 4,000 -5,000 cal yr BP, and a general trend of sea level drop occurred until the present, with possible phases of slight oscillations. This is consistent with the oscillation frequency of microscopic marine and freshwater organisms in the sediment core.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Indicators of Holocene sea level changes along the coast of the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba, Brazil

Suguío

Barreto

Oliveira

et al. 2013

Geol. USP, Sér. cient.

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“…The fossil records identified as Crassostrea gasar from Senegal (near Bassoul) (Demarcq & Demarcq 1992) and as C. 'brasiliana' from Brazil (S/SE regions) (Fairbridge 1976), date from the Holocene period (4000 to 6000 yr ago), thus refuting the anthropogenic transport hypothesis for the occurrence of C. gasar on both continents. In any case, the very high genetic similarity, across nuclear and mitochondrial genes, rules out vicariance as the origin of the African and South American oyster populations, since the 2 continents have been separated for over 16 million yr. Cytochrome oxidase gene sequences from African Crassostrea gasar specimens were more similar to those from C. gasar from N/NE Brazil than to sequences from other parts of the Brazilian coast.…”

Section: Synonymy Of Crassostrea Brasiliana C Paraibanensis and C mentioning

confidence: 80%

Phylogeny and phylogeography of Atlantic oyster species: evolutionary history, limited genetic connectivity and isolation by distance

Lazoski¹,

Gusmão²,

Boudry³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The phylogenetic relationships between naturally occurring Atlantic Crassostrea oyster species were inferred through analyses of mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I and 16S) and nuclear (second internal transcribed spacer) sequences. We also scored 15 allozyme loci on 422 oysters to study population structuring of C. rhizophorae and C. brasiliana along 9000 km of the Western Atlantic coastline. Despite morphological similarities, C. virginica was genetically more closely related to C. rhizophorae than to C. brasiliana. In contrast, C. paraibanensis was genetically indistinguishable from C. brasiliana, which is probably a junior synonym of the African C. gasar. Significant genetic differentiation between populations of C. rhizophorae and C. gasar were found along the Western Atlantic coast, supporting an isolation-by-distance pattern.

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“…O uso de sambaquis como indicadores de paleoníveis marinhos, conforme preconizado por Fairbridge (1961Fairbridge ( , 1976, Bigarella (1965Bigarella ( , 1976 e Martin (e.g. Martin et al 1979Martin et al , 1981Martin et al /82, 2003, partiu de premissas arqueológicas que não podem mais ser sustentadas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Supostos registros de ocupação e abandono de sítios também têm sido considerados como indicadores de subida e descida do nível do mar. Dados deste tipo foram utilizados para refinar a curva global de variação do nível relativo do mar proposta por Fairbridge (1961Fairbridge ( ,1976. Esta interpretação dos dados arqueológicos foi corroborada por Bigarella (1965Bigarella ( ,1976.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Considerações sobre o papel dos sambaquis como indicadores do nível do mar

Scheel-Ybert¹,

Afonso

Barbosa-Guimarães³

et al. 2009

ABEQUA

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RESUMOOs sambaquis têm despertado grande interesse como indicadores do paleonível do mar, tanto por parte de geólogos quanto de arqueólogos. Diversos autores já propuseram seu uso neste sentido, e durante a década de 1980 sua aplicação foi particularmente intensa na construção de curvas de variação do nível relativo do mar para o litoral brasileiro durante o Holoceno. Estes trabalhos partiram da premissa, recorrente na época, que os sambaquis seriam acumulações de lixo, os moluscos seriam a base da alimentação de seus construtores, e em conseqüência os sítios eram necessariamente construídos em locais próximos a fontes de suprimento abundante em moluscos por um longo período. No entanto, nenhuma destas asserções pode, atualmente, ser sustentada. O conhecimento sobre as populações construtoras de sambaquis evoluiu significativamente nas últimas décadas, e hoje se sabe que os sítios eram construções intencionais, erigidas por populações pescadoras, sedentárias, com parâmetros demográficos relativamente altos e padrões de organização sócio-culturais muito mais complexos do que se acreditava inicialmente. Este artigo apresenta uma breve síntese do conhecimento atual sobre estas estruturas e sobre as populações que as construíram, e discute as premissas adotadas para sua utilização como indicadores de variação do nível do mar. Argumenta que os sambaquis não podem ser sumariamente desconsiderados como indicadores dos paleoníveis marinhos, mas que seu uso neste sentido depende de uma maior integração entre os vários especialistas em pesquisas do Quaternário costeiro e a comunidade arqueológica. Palavras-Chave:Variações do nível do mar; sambaqui; arqueologia; Holoceno; Quaternário costeiro. ABSTRACTShell mounds have traditionally been regarded as paleo-sea-level indicators, either by geologists as by archaeologists. Several authors have already proposed their use for this purpose. By the 1980's they were systematically used for constructing sea-level fluctuation curves for the Brazilian coast during the Holocene. These works were based on the premises, common at that time, that sambaquis were mere waste dumps, mollusks were their builders' dietary basis, and, consequently, the sites were necessarily built close to areas providing an abundant mollusks supply for a long period. None of these presumptions have proven to be true. The knowledge about sambaqui builders significantly increased by the last decades, and now it is recognized that the sites were deliberate constructions, built by sedentary fishers with high demographic parameters and much more complex socio cultural patterns than initially admitted. This paper presents a brief outline of the research on sambaquis and discusses the premises adopted for their use as paleo-sea-level indicators. We argue that shell mounds cannot be summarily discarded as sea-level markers, but this investigation line depends on a deeper integration between coastal Quaternary specialists and the archaeological community.

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Shellfish-Eating Preceramic Indians in Coastal Brazil

Cited by 118 publications

References 14 publications

Indicators of Holocene sea level changes along the coast of the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba, Brazil

Indicators of Holocene sea level changes along the coast of the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba, Brazil

Phylogeny and phylogeography of Atlantic oyster species: evolutionary history, limited genetic connectivity and isolation by distance

Considerações sobre o papel dos sambaquis como indicadores do nível do mar

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