Shell Characteristics of Land SnailEobania vermiculata(Müller, 1774) (Helicidae) from Croatia

Phylogenetic Relationships among Populations of the Vineyard SnailCernuella virgata(Da Costa, 1778)

“…Based on the morphological and molecular-phylogenetic analyses of the four populations of C. virgata, sampled along Croatian coast and islands, we found differences between the north Adriatic and the south Adriatic populations. Such a result is concordant with the results of phylogeographic analyses of two other land snails distributed along Croatian coast and island: Eobania vermiculata (O. F. Müller, 1774) [26,27] and Cornu aspersum (Müller, 1774) (Puizina et al, unpublished). We assume that such a spatial distribution of the snail haplotypes could be the consequences of climate changes and glaciations in the Quaternary [28][29][30], but additional analyses of more populations of all the three snail species are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.…”

Introduced Helicidae garden snails in Australia: morphological and molecular diagnostics, species distributions and systematics

“…9). Multiple COI sequences are available on GenBank for Brown Garden Snails (e.g., Grande et al, 2004;Greve et al, 2010;Neiber et al, 2011;Régnier et al, 2011;Rada et al, 2012), which occur in three distinct genetic groups, with all Australian Brown Garden Snail specimens examined being closely related to each other, matching closely with specimens previously examined from western Europe (Fig. 9).…”

“…Australian Green Garden Snails are believed to have been originally introduced from southern Europe (Smith, 1992), however possible source populations of the eastern Australian specimens (either internationally or from within Australia) are yet to be examined. Possible source populations of Chocolate Banded Snails are beginning to be examined worldwide with a number of Eobania vermiculata subspecies recognised (e.g., Rada et al, 2012), however, E. vermiculata was only available as dry shells in the present study.…”

“…Blastn searches of both COI and ITS2 DNA sequences were conducted on NCBI GenBank to determine the closest species match for each DNA sequence. Additional estimates of COI variation and relationships between species / genera (using a Neighbour-joining tree, pairwise "p" sequence distances) were conducted in MEGA version 6 (Tamura et al, 2013), including a sequence representative from many of the Helicidae genera currently available on GenBank (from Ansart et al [unpublished Helix, Cantareus]; Däumer et al, 2012; Dinapoli et al, 2010;Elejalde et al, 2008;Grande et al, 2004;Greve et al, 2010;Grindon & Davidson, 2013;Groenenberg et al, 2011;Haase & Misof, 2009;Kotsakiozi et al, 2012;Neiber et al, 2011;Rada et al, 2012;Régnier et al, 2011). Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS2 sequences obtained in the present study were not conducted, due to the presence of a large number of alignment gaps between species and indels within species (see below).…”

“…Validated AM specimens were used for species identification in the present study. Eobania currently contains a single species (Schileyko, 2006), with several subspecies present in the natural range of E. vermiculata (e.g., Rada et al, 2012). The sub-specific designation of the Australian specimens is not yet determined.…”