Sheet plasmons in modulated graphene on Ir(111)

Länger, Thomas; Förster, D.; Busse, Carsten; Michely, Thomas; Pfnür, H.; Tegenkamp, Christoph

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/13/5/053006

Cited by 70 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Since the ASP has a group velocity about 500 times slower than light, the same value can be envisaged for light confinement. We expect these findings to be of relevance for many low-dimensional systems including the recently investigated graphene sheets deposited on transition metal surfaces [16,17,[35][36][37], where extremely slow plasmonic excitations can be present.…”

Section: Prl 110 127405 (2013) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Ementioning

confidence: 81%

“…Such a mode, called an acoustic surface plasmon (ASP), was observed, in addition to the conventional surface plasmons, for a variety of noble and simple metal surfaces [11][12][13][14][15]. Recently, a similar mode was reported also for graphene grown on a metallic substrate [16,17], providing the 2D and the 3D electron gases, respectively.The origin of the ASP is traced to the incomplete screening of the Coulomb interaction due to the mutual motion of carriers in energy bands with higher (bulk electron system) and lower (SS) Fermi velocity [18], resulting in the dispersion relationwhere SS F is the SS Fermi velocity and the coefficient is only slightly larger than unity [18]. Since SS F is sensitive to surface chemistry, the extreme confinement mentioned above can be tailored over a wide range of frequencies,…”

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confidence: 89%

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confidence: 89%

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Correlated Motion of Electrons on the Au(111) Surface: Anomalous Acoustic Surface-Plasmon Dispersion and Single-Particle Excitations

et al. 2013

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The linear dispersion of the low-dimensional acoustic surface plasmon (ASP) opens perspectives in energy conversion, transport, and confinement far below optical frequencies. Although the ASP exists in a wide class of materials, ranging from metal surfaces and ultrathin films to graphene and topological insulators, its properties are still largely unexplored. Taking Au(111) as a model system, our combined experimental and theoretical study revealed an intriguing interplay between collective and single particle excitations, causing the ASP associated with the Shockley surface state to be embedded within the intraband transitions without losing its sharp character and linear dispersion. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.127405 PACS numbers: 78.68.+m, 71.45.Gm, 79.20.Uv One of the most attractive aspects of plasmonics-an explosively growing interdisciplinary research field-is the ability to squeeze light into subwavelength regions thanks to the properties of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) [1,2], an excitation resulting from the interaction of photons with surface plasmons [3]. In particular, light confinement (i.e., the ratio between the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation and of the induced plasmonic excitation) in the plane parallel to the surface takes place because of the several times lower velocity of the SPP with respect to light, implying that at any given excitation frequency, the wavelength of the SPP is shortened by the same ratio.Even higher in-plane confinements can be achieved with plasmons associated with a two dimensional electronic gas, notably in graphene [4], since their dispersion is much flatter than that of SPP. The 2D plasmon energy ! 2DP varies as $ ffiffiffiffiffi q k p for small in-plane momentum q k with ! 2DP ! 0 as q k ! 0 [5], which allows for extraordinary light confinement from subterahertz to midinfrared frequencies by use of appropriate nanostructures providing the necessary momentum transfer.Recently, an in-plane confinement rate as high as 40 was attained in graphene sheets grown on a dielectric substrate [6,7]. An even higher value of $100 was achieved for graphene nanostructures [8], making use of the 2D plasmon supported by the 2D electron gas of doped graphene. However, the $ ffiffiffiffiffi q k p dispersion makes a distortionless propagation of nonmonochromatic signals inherently impossible, since the different frequencies components propagate at different velocities. This drawback can be overcome using a plasmon energy with a linear rather than a square root dispersion. The former is expected whenever a partially filled electronic 2D band is coupled and shielded by other 2D or 3D electron gases [9], and is thus a fairly general concept. This is, in particular, the case for metal surfaces supporting an electronic Shockley surface state (SS) with band dispersion crossing the Fermi level [10]. Such a mode, called an acoustic surface plasmon (ASP), was observed, in addition to the conventional surface plasmons, for a variety of noble and simple metal surfaces [11][12][...

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Section: Prl 110 127405 (2013) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Ementioning

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 89%

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Correlated Motion of Electrons on the Au(111) Surface: Anomalous Acoustic Surface-Plasmon Dispersion and Single-Particle Excitations

et al. 2013

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“…The plasmons discussed here are the long-wavelength classical plasmons, and thus they are different from the atomic quantum plasmons which should be excited by high energy and large momentum transfer. 32,33 We now compare the quasistatic results discussed above with a numerical solution of Maxwell's equations using finite-element method (FEM) commercial software COMSOL 4.0a. We model graphene disks as three-dimensional (3D) disks of very small thickness t, and the dielectric function g = + iσ/ωt, 9 where σ is the graphene conductivities given by Eqs.…”

Section: Edge Magnetoplasmons In Graphene Disksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edge magnetoplasmons and the optical excitations in graphene disks

Apell

Kinaret

2012

Phys. Rev. B

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We discuss the edge magnetoplasmon properties in highly doped graphene disks, and the corresponding optical excitations. Edge magnetoplasmons with nonzero angular momentum (l = 0) have two branches corresponding to different edge current rotations with respect to the magnetic field. The resonance energies of one branch are blueshifted and the other redshifted relative to energies at B = 0, with the energy differences linearly proportional to the magnetic field. Recently, the l = 1 dipole mode has been investigated by two experiments using optical transmission spectroscopy [Crassee et al., Nano Lett. 12, 2470 Yan et al., ibid. 12, 3766 (2012)], and classical cyclotron resonances were found in highly doped graphene samples. These are determined by graphene magneto-optical conductivities, which behave like a conventional two-dimensional electron system in the high doping limit.

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“…Later on Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy experiments have confirmed the presence of the ASP mode at the Be(0001) [5,6] and noble metal surfaces [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] in good agreement with calculations and graphene adsorbed on metal substrates [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. In cases when surface localized quantum well states are formed, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Photoemission footprints of extrinsic plasmarons

Hellsing¹,

Silkin²

2015

Phys. Rev. B

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A prediction how to experimentally distinguish excitations of extrinsic plasmarons from intrinsic plasmarons is presented. In surface systems where excitations of acoustic surface plasmons is possible it is shown that the photo-electron yield in normal photoemission should decay according to an inverse square root dependence with respect to the photon energy. A computational analysis of the system p(2×2)-K/Graphite confirms this prediction.

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Sheet plasmons in modulated graphene on Ir(111)

Cited by 70 publications

References 33 publications

Correlated Motion of Electrons on the Au(111) Surface: Anomalous Acoustic Surface-Plasmon Dispersion and Single-Particle Excitations

Correlated Motion of Electrons on the Au(111) Surface: Anomalous Acoustic Surface-Plasmon Dispersion and Single-Particle Excitations

Edge magnetoplasmons and the optical excitations in graphene disks

Photoemission footprints of extrinsic plasmarons

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