Sheet glass containing added phosphorus pentoxide

Varshal, B. G.; Raevskaya, E. I.

doi:10.1007/bf00677817

Glass Ceram

1990

DOI: 10.1007/bf00677817

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Sheet glass containing added phosphorus pentoxide

B. G. Varshal

E. I. Raevskaya

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…For example, is shown in [1,2] that adding 0.3% 2 P 2 O 5 to the commercial compositions of sheet glass from the vertical drawing system decreases the liquidus temperature by 25 -50°C and decreases the linear rate of growth of crystals, which makes it possible to increase the drawing rate and improve the quality of the product.…”

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confidence: 98%

Effect of adding phosphorus oxide on the dilatometric properties of silicate container glasses

2007

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It is shown that introducing small amounts of P 2 O 5 , which do not give rise to opacification and opalescence, into silicate glasses strongly affects the dilatometric properties of glasses. This gives an idea of the structural changes and could be of practical value.The introduction of small amounts of phosphorus oxide, which do not give rise to opacification and opalescence, into silicate glasses can be used to improve the technological and functional properties. For example, is shown in [1, 2] that adding 0.3% 2 P 2 O 5 to the commercial compositions of sheet glass from the vertical drawing system decreases the liquidus temperature by 25 -50°C and decreases the linear rate of growth of crystals, which makes it possible to increase the drawing rate and improve the quality of the product.The effect of small additions of P 2 O 5 on the properties of container glass with a lower content of magnesium oxide (1.5 -1.8%) has been investigated in [3]. It was established that replacing 1% SiO 2 by P 2 O 5 does not greatly change the high-temperature viscosity, on the basis of which it is asserted that the partial coefficients of P 2 O 5 for these properties are equal to the coefficients for SiO 2 . The technological advantage of introducing small amounts of P 2 O 5 is a decrease of the liquidus temperature (by 15°C), which makes it possible to decrease the founding temperature and to increase the content of the cheaper component (CaO) in the composition. For chemical stability, it is noted that the mass losses in water decrease. The authors attribute this to an increase in the polymerization of the structure. On the whole, the effect of phosphorus oxide on the basic physical-chemical properties of glasses is not unique. It is determined by the concentration of P 2 O 5 and the chemical composition of the matrix glass, primarily by the presence of alkali oxides and Al 2 O 3 in the glass [4,5].Silicophosphate glasses are systems with two glassforming cations, each of which can form its own characteristic anionic motif. Phosphorus is a stronger cation than silicon (according to the data in [6], the ionic radii of Si and P are 0.039 and 0.035 nm, the energy of the Si -O bond is 443 kJ/mole and the energy of the P -O is 464 kJ/mole, the coordination number of Si and P is 4). For phosphorus, there are stoichiometric differences with silicon (a higher charge of the ion and the presence of the double bond P = O), which could be the reason for their structural incompatibility.In the opinion of the authors of [7], the introduction of small quantities of P 2 O 5 into glassy silica results in a distortion and rupture of the bonds and increases the content of non-bridge oxygen (Fig. 1a ). For substantial P 2 O 5 content (about 44%, molar content), the formation of a single silicon -phosphate framework where the tetrahedra [P 5+ O 4 ] have two P -O bonds, equal in length and multiplicity, can form. For high concentrations of phosphorus, judging from the character of the change in the properties of the glasses (density, thermal expans...

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confidence: 98%

Effect of adding phosphorus oxide on the dilatometric properties of silicate container glasses

2007

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“…The scientific and technical literature indicates that additions of P 2 O 5 are used in the production of sheet glass [3,4] and improve the technological properties and performance of container glass when small amounts of phosphorus oxide are introduced [5 -7]. Nonetheless, a high content of phosphorus oxide in glass can have an adverse effect manifesting in separation by liquation, to which many phosphorus-containing glasses are prone, as well as crystallization of glass during formation.…”

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Application of Natural Complex Raw Material in Container Glass Production

2014

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It is shown that high-silica sedimentary rock can be used as a natural raw material in energy-efficient production of colored glass containers. The phosphorus oxide present in the rock influences the viscosity and crystallization properties of the synthesized glasses. The physical and chemical properties of the glass obtained correspond to the operating properties of container glass based on conventional raw material.Many large manufacturing plants, including glass plants, face shortages of raw material due to the exhaustion of natural conditioned raw materials, inadequacy of equipment at operating mineral enrichment plants, remoteness of raw material bases and impossibility of developing new deposits. One solution to this problem is to find sources of alternative raw materials and develop technology for using them in manufacturing. Specifically, silica-containing rocks which are common in the Russian Federation can be used in a number of cases to replace quartz sand [1,2]. The adoption of this raw material in glassmaking makes it possible to reduce production costs by lowering the cost of glass batch and sometimes by intensifying glass production.In the present work the possibility and prospects for replacing in glass production the conventional by unconventional raw materials are demonstrated for the example of high-silica rock (HSR) of sedimentary origin.The chemical composition of rock consists mainly of silica and calcium-containing compounds (Table 1), which is a prerequisite for partial or complete replacement of quartz sand and calcium-containing raw material (dolomite, chalk, limestone) by HSR in the recipe for glass batch.The oxides of alkali elements, magnesium and aluminum, which are present in small quantities in rock, are harmless impurities in glassmaking and do not limit the glassmaking process, but they must be taken into account in figuring the batch. Iron oxide is a strong colorant and at the content indicated precludes the use of rock for obtaining colorless glass. However, in the manufacture of colored glass, for example, container glass, its presence in the raw material is desirable from the standpoint of conservation of additives which are introduced in order to obtain a prescribed color tone of the glass.The polymineral composition of rock is represented by the aggregate of dominating silica-containing phasesa-quartz, cristobalite and tridimite as well as calcium-containing phases such as gypsum (calcium sulfate dehydrate), calcite (calcium carbonate) and hydroxyapatite (apatite-like calcium hydrophosphate) (Fig. 1). Of the carbonate minerals magnesite and dolomite are possible in very small quantities. Alkaline aluminum silicates from the feldspar groupmicrocline and orthoclase -are found in small quantities. A halo at small angles 2q attests to the presence of an amorphous phase. A silica matrix with individual inclusions of

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“…It is shown in [2,3] that small phosphorus oxide addition (0.3 -1.0 wt.%) has a positive effect on the process characteristics of commercial mass-produced silicate glass. Specifically, the liquidus temperature decreases, the glass making temperature can decrease, and the glass can be made less expensive by decreasing its content of alkali oxides and increasing its content of calcium oxide.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vibrational spectroscopy investigation of the structure of multicomponent phosphorus-containing silicate glasses

et al. 2009

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IR spectroscopy and Raman scattering have been used to study the structure of multicomponent silicate glass with phosphorus oxide addition, simulating the commercial compositions of container glass and sheet float-glass. It is established that P 2 O 5 addition gives a micro-nonuniform structure consisting of silicon oxide anionic groupings, with different degrees of connectedness, and orthophosphate groupings. Such nonuniformity promotes subsequent liquation and crystallization of multicomponent glasses containing phosphorus.The influence of phosphorus oxide addition on the structure and properties of silicate melts and glasses has never been adequately studied. But, as noted in [1], this influence can be considerable even for low phosphorus concentrations. It must be taken into account when phosphorus oxide addition is used to obtained opacified glasses and glazes as well as to improve the process characteristics of glass-forming melts.It is shown in [2, 3] that small phosphorus oxide addition (0.3 -1.0 wt.%) has a positive effect on the process characteristics of commercial mass-produced silicate glass. Specifically, the liquidus temperature decreases, the glass making temperature can decrease, and the glass can be made less expensive by decreasing its content of alkali oxides and increasing its content of calcium oxide.There are only a few works investigating the structure of multicomponent silicate glasses with phosphorus oxide addition, and they do not give a complete picture of the structural position of phosphorus in the silica matrix. The density, microhardness, and dilatometric indictors are sensitive to phosphorus-induced structural changes [4].In the present article we present the results of our study, using vibrational spectroscopy, of the structure of multicomponent glasses with P 2 O 5 additions. Experimental T-series glass simulating commercial container glass and containing no magnesium oxide and L-series glass simulating sheet float-glass were investigated.Phosphorus oxide was introduced into the glass in the amounts 0.3 -3.0% (molar content) as a replacement for SiO 2 . Sodium hydrophosphate was used to introduce P 2 O 5 . The method described in [4] was used to synthesize, make, and anneal the glass. The chemical composition of the glass obtained (by synthesis) and the results of a complete chemical analysis of some samples are presented in Table 1.The main problem of our investigation was to study the influence of small phosphorus oxide addition (doping) on the structure of synthesized glass. The structure was studied using Raman scattering and IR spectroscopy.The Raman spectra were recorded on an experimental facility based on a MFS-24 dual monochromator. A LTI-701 pulsed solid state laser (wavelength 532 nm, pulse power 1 W), operating at modulation frequency 8.7 kHz with pulse duration 2 msec on an acousto-optic shutter, was used as the source to excite the spectra. The spectral width of the slit was 7 cm -1 in all experiments. A VERTEX 70 IR Fourier spectrometer was used to measure the inf...

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Sheet glass containing added phosphorus pentoxide

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of adding phosphorus oxide on the dilatometric properties of silicate container glasses

Effect of adding phosphorus oxide on the dilatometric properties of silicate container glasses

Application of Natural Complex Raw Material in Container Glass Production

Vibrational spectroscopy investigation of the structure of multicomponent phosphorus-containing silicate glasses

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