Sheep Models of Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Fetal Adaptations and Consequences

Morrison, Janna L.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04975.x

Cited by 246 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…[81][82][83][84] Numerous sheep studies have reported a link between various maternal constraints upon pregnancy including placentation, body condition, parity, adolescence, ambient temperature, fetal number and nutrition on liver growth, maturation and function in the resultant offspring. 16,38,62,76,81,[85][86][87][88][89] Such constraints upon fetal development may result in an increase or decrease in offspring liver mass depending upon the timing, duration and severity of the gestational insult. That said, hepatic cellular and molecular adaptations also occur in the presence of normal liver growth.…”

Section: Developmental Programming Of Hepatic Organogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, animal models offer an alternative method of investigating the pathophysiologic aspects of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis (for a review see refs. [75][76][77]. The advantage of animal models over retrospective epidemiological studies, such as the Dutch famine, 39,78 is that the effect of nutrition, for example, can be largely assessed independently of confounding factors such as genetics and social status whilst controlling for fetal number, gender, parity and maternal body condition.…”

Section: Developmental Programming Of Hepatic Organogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…114 The role of the placenta in fetal development, IUGR and later disease has been extensively investigated in the sheep and recently reviewed. 76 Placental restriction, induced via carunclectomy, embolization, hyperthermia or sub-optimal nutrition, impairs placental development by decreasing placental surface area, vascularity and permeability and/or by compromising uterine and umbilical flow rates. Placental dysfunction, regardless of the surgical/experimental intervention used, results in altered or reduced fetal growth, which may be accompanied by perturbed hepatic organogenesis and morphology.…”

Section: Placental Insufficiency and Hepatic Organogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early developmental influences on hepatic organogenesis

2008

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The liver is the largest of the body's organs, with the greatest number of functions, playing a central role in coordinating metabolic homeostasis, nutrient processing and detoxification. The fetal liver forms during early gestation in response to a sequential array of distinct biological events, regulated by intrinsically programmed mechanisms and extracellular signals which instruct hepatic cells to either proliferate, differentiate or undergo apoptosis. A vast number of genes are involved in the initiation and control of liver development, many of which are sensitive to nutritional and hormonal regulation in utero. Moreover, liver mass is influenced by the gestational environment. Therefore, during periods of hepatic cell proliferation and differentiation, the developing fetal liver is sensitive to damage from both internal and external sources including teratogens, infection and nutritional deficiencies. For example, fetuses exposed to decreased materno-fetal nutrition during late gestation have a reduced liver mass, and/or perturbed liver function, which includes increased plasma LDL cholesterol and fibrinogen concentrations. These occur in conjunction with other risk factors present in the early stages of cardiovascular disease i.e. decreased glucose tolerance and insulin insensitivity in later life. Taken together, these findings suggest that liver mass, and later function, are essentially set in utero during fetal development-a process that is ultimately regulated by the intrauterine environment.

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Section: Developmental Programming Of Hepatic Organogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Developmental Programming Of Hepatic Organogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Placental Insufficiency and Hepatic Organogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early developmental influences on hepatic organogenesis

2008

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“…Sheep have also been used to study placental dysfunction [66]. Sheep pregnancy has been used to model human intrauterine growth restriction by inducing maternal hypothermia, removal of endometrial caruncles to limit placental growth, limiting blood supply through the restriction of uterine blood flow and maternal overnutrition [66]. All these methods result in altered oxygen and nutrient transfer leading to a decrease in fetal growth [66].…”

Section: Animal Models For Placental Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mice also have a layer of spongiotrophoblast similar to the human extravillous trophoblast [65]. Sheep have also been used to study placental dysfunction [66]. Sheep pregnancy has been used to model human intrauterine growth restriction by inducing maternal hypothermia, removal of endometrial caruncles to limit placental growth, limiting blood supply through the restriction of uterine blood flow and maternal overnutrition [66].…”

Section: Animal Models For Placental Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of inter- and intraspecific variation in the eutherian placenta

Gundling

Wildman

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The placenta is one of the most morphologically variable mammalian organs. Four major characteristics are typically discussed when comparing the placentas of different eutherian species: placental shape, maternal-fetal interdigitation, intimacy of the maternal-fetal interface and the pattern of maternal-fetal blood flow. Here, we describe the evolution of three of these features as well as other key aspects of eutherian placentation. In addition to interspecific anatomical variation, there is also variation in placental anatomy and function within a single species. Much of this intraspecific variation occurs in response to different environmental conditions such as altitude and poor maternal nutrition. Examinations of variation in the placenta from both intra-and interspecies perspectives elucidate different aspects of placental function and dysfunction at the maternal-fetal interface. Comparisons within species identify candidate mechanisms that are activated in response to environmental stressors ultimately contributing to the aetiology of obstetric syndromes such as pre-eclampsia. Comparisons above the species level identify the evolutionary lineages on which the potential for the development of obstetric syndromes emerged.

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Pig Models of Reproduction

Mordhorst

Prather

2017

Animal Models and Human Reproduction

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Sheep Models of Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Fetal Adaptations and Consequences

Cited by 246 publications

References 134 publications

Early developmental influences on hepatic organogenesis

Early developmental influences on hepatic organogenesis

A review of inter- and intraspecific variation in the eutherian placenta

Pig Models of Reproduction

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