Sheep and wheat domestication in southwest Asia: a meta-trajectory of intensification and loss

Fuks, Daniel; Marom, Nimrod

doi:10.1093/af/vfab010

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Having surveyed some of the changes to timing in plant and animal lifecycles following domestication, we consider more broadly their social and economic consequences, with reference to the 'domestication as globalization' model [2]. This model posits that heightening production intensity, widening geographic diffusion, and changes to world-wide diversity of breeds and landraces are aspects of ancient globalization that follow from initial domestication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…durum; T. aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare), spikelets do not disarticulate upon ripening and may be broken by threshing [2,21]. Non-brittleness is conferred by mutations in one gene in einkorn wheat (Btr1), one of two genes in barley (either Btr1 or Btr2), and two genes in emmer wheat (Btr1-A and Btr1-B) [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We highlight this aspect of domestication by reviewing changes in plant and animal biological rhythms under domestication, focusing on the best-studied and most intensively farmed and herded of Southwest Asian domesticates: wheat and barley, sheep, goats and cattle. As a means to reflect on their relevance to contemporary life in long-term perspective, we relate these plant and animal lifecycle changes to the 'domestication as globalization' paradigm [2]. This approach views plant and animal domestication as initiating a path of intensification leading up to globalization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our focus is on changes to the timing of lifecycle activities, or biological rhythms, at the population level, the study of which is phenology. Our goal is to explore how changes to biological rhythms following domestication are related to production intensity, geographic diffusion and diversity-which we identify as key aspects of globalization [2]. Our discussion of agricultural diversity makes use of the concept of landraces; landrace has been defined as a "dynamic population or populations of a cultivated plant that has historical origin, distinct identity and lacks formal crop improvement, as well as often being genetically diverse, locally adapted and associated with traditional farming systems" [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Time to Sow, a Time to Reap: Modifications to Biological and Economic Rhythms in Southwest Asian Plant and Animal Domestication

et al. 2022

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This paper reviews changes to lifecycle temporality in Southwest Asian plant and animal domestication, exploring their relationship to long-term processes associated with ancient and contemporary globalization. We survey changes under domestication to the timing of seed dispersal, germination, vegetative growth, flowering and maturation in wheat and barley and to birth, reproduction, lactation, wool production and death in sheep, goats and cattle. Changes in biological temporality among domesticates are ultimately related to globally increasing production intensity, geographic diffusion, and agricultural diversity associated with cultivar/breed evolution. Recently, however, increasing crop production intensity and geographic diffusion are accompanied by declining agricultural diversity worldwide. Similar processes are apparent in contemporary economic and cultural globalization, suggesting that long-term agricultural developments might be viewed as a subset of globalization. Moreover, the origin of certain features of contemporary globalization may be traced back to the beginnings of plant and animal domestication. Thus, while biologists since Darwin considered domestication as a model for the study of evolution, we suggest that domestication may also offer a model for the study of globalization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Time to Sow, a Time to Reap: Modifications to Biological and Economic Rhythms in Southwest Asian Plant and Animal Domestication

et al. 2022

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“…The wild ancestor of sheep, Asiatic mouflon ( Ovis orientalis ), shows a short thin-tail phenotype 27 , which suggests that sheep breeds with divergent tail phenotypes, e.g., long thin and long fat phenotypes, emerged later (~5000 years ago) 28 . The first domesticated sheep were initially used as a source of food 29 . After several millennia, the production and processing of wool have emerged, leading to the selection and a worldwide spread of wool sheep (e.g., Merino and Merino-derived breeds).…”

Section: A Proposed Hypothesis Of the Sheep Tail Genetic Structure: L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovine HOXB13: expanding the gene repertoire of sheep tail patterning and implications in genetic improvement

et al. 2022

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Understanding the genetic basis of sheep tails is of great importance to improve sheep production and welfare. In this Comment, we discussed recent findings showing that homeobox B13 (HOXB13) is a regulator of the tail length in sheep. The revelation of the HOXB13 gene adds novel insights into the genetic determinism of the sheep tail phenotype. This new genetic highlight will lead to further advances in sheep breeding using selection-based strategies and molecular genetics-based tools.A brief background: piecing together the genetic structure of sheep tail formation The tail phenotype, an obvious body segment, has been described as a significantly divergent trait in sheep 1 , which is due to the wide phenotypic diversity of sheep tails among different breeds located within various geographical and environmental regions 2 . Several factors influence the sheep tail phenotype, including length, fat deposition level, and directionality. The overall tail length is controlled by the number and length of caudal vertebrae. On the other hand, tail fat deposition is controlled by the size and number of adipocytes. Several tail phenotypic patterns have been shown in sheep, including the thin-long tail, thin-short tail, fat-short tail, fat-long tail, and fat-rumped tail (Fig. 1, upper panel). Studies have been performed to understand the mechanistic determinism of sheep tails based on genetic basis, due to the association of sheep tails with several raising-related and welfare issues (see reviews by refs. [3][4][5][6] ). Of these issues, tail docking, as a painful practice, is the most critical 5,6 . Revealing the genetic determinism of sheep tails will help to direct the selection towards the desired phenotypes 7,8 and provide access to new biotechnological tools to directly introduce the desired variant(s) into the targeted breed 9,10 . Recently, three genes/regions were reported to be significantly associated with the sheep tail phenotype. These include the platelet derived growth factor D (PDGFD) gene 1,11,12 and the intergenic region between the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and hydroxyacid oxidase 1 (HAO1) genes, referred to as the IBH region [13][14][15] linked with the fat-tail phenotype, and the T-box transcription factor T (TBXT) gene [16][17][18] linked with variations in caudal vertebrae. Recent studies highlighted a new gene, HOXB13, which is highly associated with the sheep tail length [19][20][21][22][23] (Table 1). Of these studies, two independent efforts, one recently published in Communications Biology 23 and the other published as a preprint 21 , strongly highlighted a structural variation (SV) in the form of a short insertion associated with the longtail phenotype, adding a new critical member to the gene repertoire of the sheep tail configuration.

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Club Wheat – A Review of Club Wheat History, Improvement, and Spike Characteristics in Wheat

Garland‐Campbell¹

2022

Plant Breeding Reviews

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Sheep and wheat domestication in southwest Asia: a meta-trajectory of intensification and loss

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

A Time to Sow, a Time to Reap: Modifications to Biological and Economic Rhythms in Southwest Asian Plant and Animal Domestication

A Time to Sow, a Time to Reap: Modifications to Biological and Economic Rhythms in Southwest Asian Plant and Animal Domestication

Ovine HOXB13: expanding the gene repertoire of sheep tail patterning and implications in genetic improvement

Club Wheat – A Review of Club Wheat History, Improvement, and Spike Characteristics in Wheat

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