Sheep and Cattle Grazing in Forests: A Review

Adams, S. N.

doi:10.2307/2401724

Cited by 94 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Open areas should be maintained by the processes that created them (Albert et al 2008). The balance between trees and herbivores is a fundamental issue in wood pasture management and grazing must be controlled as to limit damage to trees (Adams 1975). Livestock grazing only affects grasses and forbs, instead wildlife and goats browsing directly influences shrubs and trees regeneration growth.…”

Section: Wood Pasture Conservation Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

The larch wood pasture: structure and dynamics of a cultural landscape

et al. 2010

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As a consequence of land abandonment and marginalization, open areas and traditionally managed wood pastures are disappearing from many alpine valleys. Landscape and stand scale dynamics were analyzed in two neighboring inner valleys of central Italian Alps (Valmalenco, SO) dominated by larch (Larix decidua Mill.) forests and experiencing different historical land use intensities. Land cover mapping obtained from object-oriented analysis of aerial photographs was used to quantify land cover changes between 1961 and 2003. Spatial statistics were used to quantify landscape patterns, and intensive sampling in permanent plots was employed to perform point pattern analysis at the stand scale. Expansion of forested area at the expense of wood pastures was the main land cover transition observed. Differences in land use intensities were responsible for different patterns at the landscape scale: (1) heavier grazing and human pressure created a more diverse and fragmented mosaic of meadows, open woodlands, forests and wood pastures, (2) lower human impact favored a more homogeneous and stable system. A decline in grazing pressure in the late 1970s favored the establishment of larch and spruce in a clustered pattern, typical of the subalpine belt. Subalpine wood pastures, likewise many other semi-natural environments, are in danger of disappearing and lose their productive and cultural characteristics, because they are developing into more closed and dense stands

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Section: Wood Pasture Conservation Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

The larch wood pasture: structure and dynamics of a cultural landscape

et al. 2010

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“…Simultaneous use of pastures for the production of trees and livestock presents some management problems because young pines may be injured through trampling, rubbing, or browsing [1]. However, injury to slash pine (Pinus elliottii) is not severe if grazing is delayed for 18 to 30 months after planting [ 11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of pines and pastures for hay and grazing

et al. 1984

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Abstract. When combining pine and cattle production on improved pastures, grazing may have to be delayed for several years until trees are large enough to resist injury. During this period forage would be lost unless harvested for hay. This study in south Georgia, USA, examined hay production during the first 3 years, cattle production during the next 3 years, and effects of this management system on survival and growth of slash pine Wide-row spacings permitted haying operations, but tree rows and turning areas removed 5 to 8 percent of the area from production. However, hay yields and liveweight gains by yearling cattle were near normal for this locale.Slash pine planted in these fertilized pastures survived well, grew rapidly, and only a few trees were killed during haying operations. After 6 years, 83 percent of the trees survived and averaged 6.5 m in height and 13.2 cm in diameter. Cattle killed a few trees by rubbing during the 4th year.Wide-row spacing of pines permits harvesting forage for hay while waiting for the trees to become large enough to permit grazing. This approach to agroforestry produces annual returns to the landowner while awaiting maturity of the pines.

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“…According to Mosimann and Stettler (2012), one head of cattle (or two small ruminants) needs 16 kg of leaf and other tree fodder per day; 1 ha of such type of woodland may feed one cow for 10.75 days. Feeding cattle during the 3 months of winter therefore requires 8.4 ha per head of cattle, a 60 % higher productivity due to the use of pollarding or coppicing, compared to the average 12-15 ha/head of cattle (Adams 1975;Ebersbach 1999;Ebersbach and Schade 2004) and the 10 ha Ebersbach and Schade have used in their model.…”

Section: Livestock Foddermentioning

confidence: 99%