Shedding of rubella virus in postsymptomatic individuals; viral RNA load is a potential indicator to estimate candidate patients excreting infectious rubella virus

Kanbayashi, Daiki; Kurata, Takako; Kaida, Atsushi; Kubo, Hideyuki; Yamamoto, Seiji; Egawa, Kohji; Hirai, Yuki; Okada, Kazuma; Kaida, Yuko; Ikemori, Ryo; Yumisashi, Takahiro; Ito, Akihiko; Saito, Takeshi; Yamaji, Yoshihiko; Nishino, Yuka; Omori, Ryosuke; Mori, Haruyo; Motomura, Kazushi; Ikuta, Kazuyoshi

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105377

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Symptoms appear 2 to 3 weeks after exposure and last about 1 week. Rubella virus can be detected in the nasopharynx from 7 days before to 14 days after the rash onset and found in the blood at days 7-9 after exposure [2]. After infection, rubella virus is significantly found in the throat [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The titer of rubella virus in the throat is higher than that in serum/plasma, urine, and PBMCs. Rubella viral load remains high level in the throat 2 days after rash onset [2]. Therefore, a throat swab could be considered a suitable clinical specimen for the early detection of rubella.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some methods were applied to detect rubella virus in patients, such as virus isolation, immunoassay, and molecular biology [6]. Virus isolation is time-consuming and difficult to isolate in some specimens [2]. For immunoassay, the detection of rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M is not feasible until 4-5 days after the onset of typical symptoms [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and characterization of a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay test strip for rapid detection of rubella virus antigen

Ngo,

Tran

et al. 2024

J App Biol Biotech

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Rubella is still considered a dangerous infectious disease, especially for pregnant women. The symptoms of rubella can be similar to those of other illnesses. Therefore, an early and accurate diagnosis of the rubella virus will help doctors make a reasonable treatment plan. This study presents the development and characterization of a novel lateral flow immunochromatographic assay test strip for rapid recognition of rubella virus antigen. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the rubella virus were purified with a purity of 95%. Optimal conditions for the production of the main components of a test strip were determined. Anti-rubella virus polyclonal antibodies were physically adsorbed onto the star-shaped gold nanoparticles at the optimal concentration of 1.0 μg/ml at 25°C for 30 min. The amounts of antibody per conjugate pad and immobilized on the test line were 0.2 μg/pad and 4.5 μg/cm, respectively. The properties of the test strip were characterized by testing mock clinical specimens. Reproducibility and repeatability were achieved at 100%. The limit of detection of the test strip was determined to be as low as 5 × 105 virus particles/mL. The test strip did not cross-react with six different potential interfering pathogens. The sensitivity and specificity of the test strip were determined by testing with 400 mock clinical samples and reached 99.5% and 98.5%, respectively. The Kappa statistics (k coefficient = 0.98) showed very good agreement between the generated test strip and real-time PCR results. According to the findings, the test strip can be used as an additional rapid test tool for the detection of the rubella virus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and characterization of a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay test strip for rapid detection of rubella virus antigen

Ngo,

Tran

et al. 2024

J App Biol Biotech

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“…To the editor, Patients with cutaneous granulomas have recently been found to contain rubella virus (RuV) in lesions and shed recoverable virus. [1][2][3][4] The majority of identified cases have had significant T cell-mediated immunodeficiencies, although cases with no clear host defense compromise having RuV-associated granulomas have also been reported. 5,6 Both vaccine strain RuV (RV27/3) and wild-type RuV have been identified through sequencing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RuV is shed into the nasopharynx during both acute and persistent infections. 4 Hundred and seven Consecutive nasopharyngeal samples from children who presented with upper or lower respiratory tract symptoms were frozen and later thawed for cDNA preparation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance for rubella virus in samples obtained from non‐immunodeficient individuals

Patel,

Russo,

et al. 2024

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Multiplexed detection, partitioning, and persistence of wild type and vaccine strains of measles, mumps, and rubella viruses in wastewater

Wu,

Wang,

Kalvapalle

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Wastewater surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases may provide early warning of outbreaks and identify areas to target for immunization. To advance wastewater monitoring of measles, mumps, and rubella viruses, we developed and validated a multiplexed RT-ddPCR assay for the detection of their RNA. Because the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is an attenuated live virus vaccine, we also developed an assay that distinguishes between wild-type and vaccine strains of measles in wastewater and validated it using a wastewater sample collected from a facility with an active measles outbreak. We also evaluated the partitioning behavior the viruses in between the liquid and solid fractions of influent wastewater. We found that assaying the liquid fraction of the wastewater resulted in more sensitive detection of the viruses despite the fact that the viral RNA was enriched in the solid fraction due to the low solids content of the influent wastewater. Finally, we investigated the stability of measles, mumps, and rubella RNA in wastewater samples spiked with viruses over 28 days at two different concentrations and two temperatures (4°C and room temperature) and observed limited viral decay. Our study supports the feasibility of wastewater monitoring for measles, mumps, and rubella viruses for population-level surveillance.

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Shedding of rubella virus in postsymptomatic individuals; viral RNA load is a potential indicator to estimate candidate patients excreting infectious rubella virus

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Development and characterization of a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay test strip for rapid detection of rubella virus antigen

Development and characterization of a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay test strip for rapid detection of rubella virus antigen

Surveillance for rubella virus in samples obtained from non‐immunodeficient individuals

Multiplexed detection, partitioning, and persistence of wild type and vaccine strains of measles, mumps, and rubella viruses in wastewater

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