Shedding of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus in mammary secrections of sows

Abstract

Immune components present in mammary secretions are reviewed. In swine, the histological structure of the placenta prevents in utero transfer of immunoglobulins and mammary secretions are the sole source of maternal antibody for the neonate. In addition to immunoglobulins, porcine mammary secretions contain significant numbers of maternal cells of various types that may contribute to neonatal immunity, including phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages), lymphocytes (B and T cells), and epithelial cells. Immunomodulating and/or antimicrobial substances, including lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, and cytokines, are also present in mammary secretions and may contribute to the protection of the neonate. While the role of immunoglobulins in mammary secretions is well understood, the contribution of cellular components and non-specific immune factors to neonatal immunity remains to be defined.