Shedding of cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli in pigs from conventional farms after early treatment with antimicrobials

Cameron-Veas, Karla; Moreno, Miguel A.; Fraile, Lorenzo; Migura-García, Lourdes

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.02.017

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…high baseline levels of specific AMR genes 36 and phenotypic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates 37,38 in unmedicated pigs, our initial expectation was that AMR gene abundances would markedly increase in response to antimicrobial administration as a result of selective pressure being exerted on specific genes 39 . In agreement with Young pig accommodation Sow barn www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ previous work, we showed high levels of all studied AMR genes in the non-medicated dry sows, presumably as a consequence of the strong selection pressure exerted by this farm's history of high antimicrobial usage.…”

Section: Measured Amr Genes Consistently High Across the Unit Althoumentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to change: AMR gene dynamics on a commercial pig farm with high antimicrobial usage

Pollock

Muwonge

Hutchings

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Group antimicrobial administration is used to control disease in livestock, but we have little insight into how this impacts antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene dynamics. Here, a longitudinal study was carried out during a single production cycle on a commercial pig unit with high historic and current antimicrobial usage. Quantitative PCR, 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomic sequencing were used to track faecal AMR gene abundance and diversity and microbiome alpha diversity. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing identified 144 AMR genes in total, with higher AMR gene diversity present in young pigs compared to dry sows. Irrespective of in-feed antibiotic treatment or changes in microbiome diversity, mean AMR gene copy number was consistently high, with some AMR genes present at copy numbers comparable to the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. In conclusion, AMR gene prevalence and abundance were not influenced by antibiotic use, either during the production cycle or following whole-herd medication. The high levels of certain genes indicate they are widely disseminated throughout the microbial population, potentially aiding stability. Despite the high and relatively stable levels of resistance genes against the main antimicrobials used, these compounds continue to control production limiting diseases on this unit.Antimicrobial agents are used regularly in many agricultural systems worldwide to improve the health, welfare and productivity of livestock 1,2 . This has led to concerns about the anthropogenic selection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in livestock systems 2-4 , particularly due to the potential transfer of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes from livestock to humans 5-7 and into the environment 8,9 . In the United Kingdom, 52% of all antimicrobials sold for livestock were used in the pig and poultry sectors, with tetracyclines being reported as the highest sold antibiotic class 10 . Given the substantial use of antimicrobials in pig production, the association between antimicrobial use and AMR has been an area of intensive study. Specifically, antimicrobial administration has been associated with increased AMR in sentinel bacteria such as Escherichia coli [11][12][13] , Staphylococcus aureus 14,15 , and Campylobacter 16 , Salmonella 17 and Enterococcus 18 species. Molecular studies have revealed a higher richness and diversity of AMR genes in pigs administered oxytetracycline in-feed 19 , with farm origin being associated with AMR gene abundances in faeces at slaughter using both quantitative PCR 20 and metagenomic 21 datasets. However, there are currently few longitudinal studies of AMR in livestock systems, specifically for pig production 22 , with information on antimicrobial use in these systems often derived from national figures, rather than from farm medicines records 12,21 .Here, we examine microbial population dynamics and both AMR gene abundance and diversity on a single pig farm during a six-month production cycle. Faecal samples were collected weekly from a batch of young pigs that were ...

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Section: Measured Amr Genes Consistently High Across the Unit Althoumentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to change: AMR gene dynamics on a commercial pig farm with high antimicrobial usage

Pollock

Muwonge

Hutchings

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In particular, in veterinary medicine, ceftiofur and cefquinome are specifically used to treat respiratory diseases and exudative epidermitis, and meningitis, respectively. Cefquinome had MRL values more restrictive than those of ceftiofur (50-200 µg/kg vs. 100-6000 µg/kg) [2], but the use of ceftiofur must be carefully evaluated as its use could develop E. coli resistance [85,86].…”

Section: β-Lactam Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Analysis of Veterinary Drug Residues in Food Matrices by Capillary Electrophoresis Techniques

Colombo

Papetti

2019

Molecules

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In the last years, the European Commission has adopted restrictive directives on food quality and safety in order to protect animal and human health. Veterinary drugs represent an important risk and the need to have sensitive and fast analytical techniques to detect and quantify them has become mandatory. Over the years, the availability of different modes, interfaces, and formats has improved the versatility, sensitivity, and speed of capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques. Thus, CE represents a powerful tool for the analysis of a large variety of food matrices and food-related molecules with important applications in food quality and safety. This review focuses the attention of CE applications over the last decade on the detection of different classes of drugs (used as additives in animal food or present as contaminants in food products) with a potential risk for animal and human health. In addition, considering that the different sample preparation procedures have strongly contributed to CE sensitivity and versatility, the most advanced sample pre-concentration techniques are discussed here.

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“…On the contrary, colistin has been prescribed in animal husbandry for the treatment of infections caused by Enterobacterales since the 1960s, especially in pig production. Furthermore, several studies carried in different European countries have identified the used of medicated feed mills supplemented with colistin for the prevention and/or treatment of post-weaning diarrhea (Trauffler et al, 2014;Cameron-Veas et al, 2016;Sjolund et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mcr-Colistin Resistance Genes Mobilized by IncX4, IncHI2, and IncI2 Plasmids in Escherichia coli of Pigs and White Stork in Spain

et al. 2020

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Colistin has become the last-line antimicrobial for the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales in human medicine. To date, several colistin resistance genes have been described. Of them mcr-1 is disseminated worldwide in Escherichia coli of human and animal origin. The aim of this study was to characterize mcr-mediated resistance plasmids from E. coli of animal origin in Spain. From our strain collection, 70 E. coli of pig origin collected between 2005 and 2014 (10 per year, except for years 2009-2010-2013) were randomly selected and screened for the presence of mcr-genes. Additionally, 20 E. coli isolated in 2011 from white storks (Ciconia ciconia) from the same urban household waste landfill associated colony were also included. Whole genome sequencing of mcr-positive isolates was carried out on a MiSeq (Illumina). Hybrid whole genome sequencing strategy combining nanopore and Illumina technologies were performed in a selection of isolates to close the genomes and plasmids and identify the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was used to assess the susceptibility to colistin. Mating experiments were carried out to evaluate transferability of the mcr-genes. A total of 19 mcr-1 and one mcr-4 positive isolates were detected, 15 from pigs distributed during the study period, and five from storks collected in 2011. No other mcr-variants were found. The MICs for colistin ranged between 4 and >4 mg/L. High diversity of STs were detected among the mcr-1 positive E. coli isolates, with only ST-10 shared between pigs and white storks. Except for one isolate, all were genotypic and phenotypically MDR, and five of them also harbored cephalosporin resistance genes (bla CTX−M−14 , bla SHV−12 , and three bla CMY−2). mcr-1 genes were mobilizable by conjugation, associated with IncX4, IncHI2, and IncI2 plasmids. In our study, mcr-1 genes have been circulating in pig farms since 2005 harbored by a variety of E. coli clones. Its persistence may be driven by co-selection since plasmids containing mcr-1 also exhibit resistance to

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Shedding of cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli in pigs from conventional farms after early treatment with antimicrobials

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Resistance to change: AMR gene dynamics on a commercial pig farm with high antimicrobial usage

Resistance to change: AMR gene dynamics on a commercial pig farm with high antimicrobial usage

Advances in the Analysis of Veterinary Drug Residues in Food Matrices by Capillary Electrophoresis Techniques

mcr-Colistin Resistance Genes Mobilized by IncX4, IncHI2, and IncI2 Plasmids in Escherichia coli of Pigs and White Stork in Spain

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