Shedding light on sporopollenin chemistry, with reference to UV reconstructions

Jardine, Phillip E.; Abernethy, F. A. J.; Lomax, Barry H.; Gosling, William D.; Fraser, Wesley T.

doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.11.014

Cited by 56 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) analysis of the UV–O treated pollen was performed to obtain a more complete understanding of surface chemistry changes, and provided verification of the observations made from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Major peaks in untreated (0 min) pollen were assigned from previous FTIR studies on sporopollenin, with peak attributions being hydroxyl (3300 cm −1 ), aliphatic (2925 cm −1 ), carbonyl (1670 cm −1 ) aromatics (1515 cm −1 , 1425 cm −1 ), and COR (1028 cm −1 ) ( Figure a and Figure S7a, Supporting Information) . Subtracting UV–O treated spectra from untreated spectra suggested reductions in absorption for most major peaks of interest, and highlighted a relatively large increase in the shoulder peak at 1718 cm −1 (Figure b), which may be attributed to CO and correlates to the increased R 2 CO binding observed from the XPS analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The pollen outer shell is known to provide ultraviolet (UV) protection for sensitive genetic material. Cinnamic acids present in the outer shell are responsible for UV absorption, and quantifying the proportion of cinnamic acids is used as a means for studying climate change from pollen shells in fossil records . There is interest in the influence of ozone as an environmental pollutant on pollen properties .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light‐Induced Surface Modification of Natural Plant Microparticles: Toward Colloidal Science and Cellular Adhesion Applications

Tan

Potroz

Ferracci

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

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Playing an instrumental role in the life of plants, pollen microparticles are one of the most fascinating biological materials in existence, with abundant and renewable supply, ultrahigh durability, and unique, species-specific architectural features. Aside from their biological role, pollen microparticles also demonstrate broad utility as functional materials for drug delivery and microencapsulation, and increasingly for emulsion-type applications. As natural pollen microparticles are predominantly hydrophobic, developing robust surface functionalization strategies to increase surface hydrophilicity would increase the range of colloidal science applications, including opening the door to interfacing microparticles with biological cells. This research investigates the extraction and light-induced surface modification of discrete pollen microparticles from bee-collected pollen granules toward achieving functional control over the responses elicited from discrete particles in colloidal science and cellular applications. Ultravioletozone treatment is shown to increase the proportion of surface elemental oxygen and ketones, leading to increased surface hydrophilicity, enhanced particle dispersibility, tunable control over Pickering emulsion characteristics, and enhanced cellular adhesion. In summary, the findings demonstrate that light-induced surface modification improves the functional properties of pollen microparticles, and such insights also have broad implications across materials science and environmental science applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐Induced Surface Modification of Natural Plant Microparticles: Toward Colloidal Science and Cellular Adhesion Applications

Tan

Potroz

Ferracci

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Previous studies have suggested plasticity of pollen chemistry to climate and other environmental variables (Zimmermann & Kohler, 2014;Zimmermann et al, 2017). For example, temperature has been connected to changes in protein as well as lipid content in both controlled and field experimental conditions (Lahlali et al, 2014;Zimmermann & Kohler, 2014;Jiang et al, 2015;Zimmermann et al, 2017), whilst the effects of exposure to UV-B radiation on pollen chemistry have gained increasing attention (Rozema et al, 2001;Blokker et al, 2006;Fraser et al, 2011;Willis et al, 2011;Jardine et al, 2017;Bell et al, 2018). Additionally, there may be confounding effects related to local adaptation and hybridisation.…”

Section: Prospects For Developments Using Fossil Pollenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, understanding of the potential impact of environmental variation on the pollen-chemistry signature remains limited. For example, some of the variation in lipid, protein, and carbohydrate chemistry may be explained by environmental influences such as temperature during pollen maturation (Lahlali et al, 2014;Zimmermann & Kohler, 2014;Jiang et al, 2015;Zimmermann et al, 2017), whilst sporopollenin composition may be influenced by external environmental influences such as the plant exposure to UV-B radiation (Rozema et al, 2001;Blokker, Boelen, Broekman, & Rozema, 2006;Willis et al, 2011;Wesley T. Fraser et al, 2011;P. E. Jardine, Abernethy, Lomax, Gosling, & Fraser, 2017;Bell et al, 2018).…”

Section: Main Text 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical variations in Quercus pollen as a tool for taxonomic identification: implications for long-term ecological and biogeographical research

Muthreich

Zimmermann

Birks

et al. 2019

Preprint

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v. Acknowledgements: We dedicate this paper to the memory of John Flenley who pioneered so many exciting aspects of pollen analysis and vegetation history. One of us (HJBB) has known John since 1963 and was always stimulated by John's latest ideas and palaeoecological studies.This work is part of the PollChem project funded with a FRIPRO Grant (PollChem 214359); the extensive field work was possible through funding by the L. Meltzer Høyskolefond (2017/05/LMH) and the Olaf Grolle Olsen Legat (2017/52/FOL). vi. AbstractAim: Fossil pollen is an important tool for understanding biogeographic patterns in the past, but the taxonomic resolution of the fossil-pollen record may be limited to genus or even family level. Chemical analysis of pollen grains has the potential to increase the taxonomic resolution of pollen, but present-day chemical variability is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate whether a phylogenetic signal is present in the chemical variations of Quercus L. pollen, to determine the prospects of chemical techniques as for identification in biogeographic research. Location: PortugalTaxon: Six species of Quercus L., Q. faginea, Q. robur, Q. robur estremadurensis, Q. coccifera, Q. rotundifolia and Q. suber belonging to three sections: Cerris, Ilex, and Quercus (Denk, Grimm, Manos, Deng, & Hipp, 2017) Methods: We collected pollen samples from 297 individual Quercus trees across a 4° (~450 km) latitudinal gradient and determined chemical differences using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). We used canonical powered partial least-squares regression (CPPLS) and discriminant analysis to describe within-and between-species chemical variability. Chemical functional groups associated with variation in the FTIR spectra between different Quercus species were determined. Results:We find clear differences in the FTIR spectra from Quercus pollen at the section level (Cerris: ~98%; Ilex: ~100%; Quercus: ~97%). Successful discrimination is based on lipids and sporopollenins. However, discrimination of species within individual Quercus sections is more difficult: overall, species recall is ~76% and species misidentifications within sections lie between 22% and 31% of the test-set. Main Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that sub-genus level differentiation of Quercus pollen is possible using FTIR methods, with successful classification at the section level. This indicates that operator-independent FTIR approaches can perform equally to traditional morphological techniques. However, although sporopollenins are identified as important functional groups for discrimination between some Quercus taxa, the importance of lipids to resolve phylogenetic signatures presents challenges for future biogeographic research because lipids may be less likely to be preserved in sediment sequences. We suggest that future work on further discrimination of isolated sporopollenin components is required before FTIR-based chemical discrimination can be used in long-term ecology and biogeography studies.

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“…The application of methods such as Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) have provided new information regarding organic molecules in Mesozoic plants (Vajda et al 2017) and older deposits (Qu et al 2015). Furthermore, FTIR of spores and pollen has been used to develop a proxy for ultraviolet irradiance (Jardine et al 2016;Jardine et al 2017). The combination of high-resolution microscopy and computational image analyses has proved useful in determining the botanical affinity of enigmatic taxa (Mander et al 2013); such approaches can be applied to many groups, thus improving vegetation reconstructions based on dispersed spores and pollen.…”

Section: Recent Developments and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%