Sheathless capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using 10 μm I.D. capillaries: Analyses of tryptic digests of cytochrome c

Wahl, Jon H.; Gale, David C.; Smith, Richard D.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)85026-7

Cited by 204 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…ESI is the method of choice for producing gas phase ions from solution because it is a very soft ionization method and is useful for the ionization of larger molecules or biomolecules. ESI-MS can be used for the analysis of complex mixtures [1][2][3][4][5] and is commonly used to couple separation techniques, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [6][7][8][9], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], or microchannel electrophoresis (ME) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] with MS. Many sample introduction methods, particularly those that employ separations, rely on pressure driven flow for sample introduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Electrospray Ionization Emitters with Differing Geometries with Respect to Flow Rate and Electrospray Voltage

Reschke

Timperman

2011

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The performance of several electrospray ionization emitters with different orifice inside diameters (i.d.s), geometries, and materials are compared. The sample solution is delivered by pressure driven flow, and the electrospray ionization voltage and flow rate are varied systematically for each emitter investigated, while the signal intensity of a standard is measured. The emitters investigated include a series of emitters with a tapered outside diameters (o.d.) and unaltered i.d.s, a series of emitters with tapered o.d.s and i.d.s, an emitter with a monolithic frit and a tapered o.d., and an emitter fabricated from polypropylene. The results show that for the externally etched emitters, signal was nearly independent of i.d. and better ion utilization was achieved at lower flow rates. Furthermore, emitters with a 50 μm i.d. and an etched o.d. produced about 1.5 times more signal than etched emitters with smaller i.d.s and about 3.5 times more signal than emitters with tapered inner and outer dimensions. Additionally, the work presented here has important implications for applications in which maximizing signal intensity and reducing frictional resistance to flow are necessary. Overall, the work provides an initial assessment of the critical parameters that contribute to maximizing the signal for electrospray ionization sources interfaced with pressure driven flows.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Electrospray Ionization Emitters with Differing Geometries with Respect to Flow Rate and Electrospray Voltage

Reschke

Timperman

2011

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Despite this, sheathless interfaces are not as commonly employed as sheath-flow ones because they generally require special equipment and entail more involved procedures. Several strategies have been developed, and among the most common are coating of the capillary tip with a metal or a polymeric material, 96,97 the use of an in-capillary electrode, 98,99 and splitting part of the capillary eluent though a small opening at, or near, the capillary outlet for contact with an outer conductive sleeve. 100 Chang and Her 15 carbon-coated the tapered capillary outlet using a soft pencil, while McComb and Perreault 17 used gold.…”

Section: ·1 Esi-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry of Proteins and Peptides

Monton

Terabe

2005

ANAL. SCI.

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Many researchers have invested considerable efforts toward improving capillary electrophoresis (CE)-mass spectrometry (MS) systems so they can be applied better to standard analyses. This review highlights the developments in CE-MS of proteins and peptides over the last five years. It includes the developments in interfaces, sample-enrichment techniques, microfabricated devices, and some applications, largely in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) and capillary isotachophoresis formats.

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“…For conducting high voltage to the capillary outlet, a metal tip, in-capillary electrode, or metal/carbon-deposited capillary were employed [16][17][18][19]. These approaches were successful but usually lose robustness because BGE composition is easily changed by electrolysis and affect the separation manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Studies on Online Sample Preconcentration Methods inCapillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

Kawai

2017

Chromatography

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This paper reviews recent 5-years application researches using online sample preconcentration (OSP) methods in capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). CE-MS has excellent analytical features such as high-resolution separation, rapid analysis time, low sample consumption, and small consumption of organic solvents. Recently, low flow-rate interface for electrospray ionization has been developed and zmol-level sensitivity has been achieved. However, application of CE-MS has still been prevented due to small capacity of sample injection volume. OSP methods have been developed to address this issue and up to 5,000-fold sensitivity improvement was obtained so far. Various application has been carried out such as proteomics, metabolomics, and glycomics, and CE-MS attracts much attention as the highest-performance analytical tool for small-volume bioanalysis. Taking account of further progress in CE-MS, smart and practical application of OSP methods will be more important in various analytical fields.

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Sheathless capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using 10 μm I.D. capillaries: Analyses of tryptic digests of cytochrome c

Cited by 204 publications

References 14 publications

A Study of Electrospray Ionization Emitters with Differing Geometries with Respect to Flow Rate and Electrospray Voltage

A Study of Electrospray Ionization Emitters with Differing Geometries with Respect to Flow Rate and Electrospray Voltage

Recent Developments in Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry of Proteins and Peptides

Recent Studies on Online Sample Preconcentration Methods inCapillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

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