Shear wave speeds track axial stress in porcine collateral ligaments

Blank, Jonathon; Thelen, Darryl G.; Roth, Joshua D.

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103704

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Ongoing work has used tensiometry to quantify Achilles tendon forces during overground walking [ 3 ] and is being expanded to include other athletic activities for evaluation and training personalization. Another application takes tensiometers into the orthopedic clinic, where measures of soft tissue loading may be used to guide treatments and objectively track outcomes [ 29 , 30 ]. In each case, high fidelity output from the tensiometer is vital, and this work establishing the benefits of a Kalman filter and redundant accelerometers will strengthen the results we are able to achieve with these devices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Kalman Filter Approach for Estimating Tendon Wave Speed from Skin-Mounted Accelerometers

Schmitz

Thelen

Cone

2022

Sensors

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Shear wave tensiometry is a noninvasive approach for assessing in vivo tendon forces based on the speed of a propagating shear wave. Wave speed is measured by impulsively exciting a shear wave in a tendon and then assessing the wave travel time between skin-mounted accelerometers. Signal distortion with wave travel can cause errors in the estimated wave travel time. In this study, we investigated the use of a Kalman filter to fuse spatial and temporal accelerometer measurements of wave propagation. Spatial measurements consist of estimated wave travel times between accelerometers. Temporal measurements are the change in wave arrival at a fixed accelerometer between successive impulsive taps. The Kalman filter substantially improved the accuracy of estimated wave speeds when applied to simulated tensiometer data. The variability of estimated wave speed was reduced by ~55% in the presence of random sensor noise. It was found that increasing the number of accelerometers from two to three further reduced wave speed errors by 45%. The use of redundant accelerometers (>2) also improved the robustness of wave speed measures in the presence of uncertainty in accelerometer location. We conclude that the use of a Kalman filter and redundant accelerometers can enhance the fidelity of using shear wave tensiometers to track tendon wave speed and loading during movement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Kalman Filter Approach for Estimating Tendon Wave Speed from Skin-Mounted Accelerometers

Schmitz

Thelen

Cone

2022

Sensors

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“…The mechanical properties of the sMCL are often measured using the whole ligament (WL) along its working load direction [13][14][15][16]. Most experiments tested the WL at a uniform load angle, where the bers of the sMCL are said to be evenly taut (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterior and Posterior Bundles of Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament of Knee Joint: Achieving Balanced Structural Behaviors with Different Material Properties

Chen

Zhou

2022

Preprint

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Background In the knee joint simulations under accidents or physiological loadings, the mechanical properties of the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) are essential. The common practice for sMCL material parameters in simulations is to either assign different structural properties to the fiber bundles of the sMCL in 1D models or give homogeneous material properties in 2D or 3D models. The sMCL can be functionally divided into anterior bundle (AB) and posterior bundle (PB), which are alternatively loaded during walking. However, little data are available on the mechanical properties of the two bundles; consequently, the rationality of the material assignment method used in current computational studies is questionable. Methods Using porcine stifle joints as test subjects, we obtained the mechanical properties (i.e., threshold strain, failure strain, failure stress, and modulus) of the AB, PB, and whole ligament of the sMCL. Results The three subjects had significant differences in the modulus (p < 0.05), and the AB had higher failure strain (p < 0.01) and threshold strain (p < 0.001) than the PB. The ligament length may be the main reason for the modulus and failure strain differences. Meanwhile, the AB and PB had no significant differences in the structural properties (i.e., stiffness per unit area and failure displacement) as well as the failure stress. Based on the understanding of the balanced structural properties, we proposed a method to estimate the material properties of the AB and PB from those of the whole ligament to reduce the experimental cost for simulations. Conclusions This study suggests that, contrary to the current material assignment method, the AB and PB of the sMCL have different material properties and similar structural properties. The AB and PB should be treated separately and assigned different properties according to their geometry to realize the biomechanics of native knee joints in simulations.

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Shear wave tensiometry tracks reductions in collateral ligament tension due to incremental releases

Blomquist

Blank

Schmitz

et al. 2022

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Surgeons routinely perform incremental releases on overly tight ligaments during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to reduce ligament tension and achieve their desired implant alignment.However, current methods to assess whether the surgeon achieved their desired reduction in the tension of a released ligament are subjective and/or do not provide a quantitative metric of tension in an individual ligament. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to determine whether shear wave tensiometry, a novel method to assess tension in individual ligaments based on the speed of shear wave propagation, can detect changes in ligament tension following incremental releases. In seven medial and eight lateral collateral porcine ligaments (MCL and LCL, respectively), we measured shear wave speeds and ligament tension before and after incremental releases consisting of punctures with an 18-gauge needle. We found that shear wave speed squared decreased linearly with decreasing tension in both the MCL (r 2 avg = 0.76) and LCL (r 2 avg = 0.94). We determined that errors in predicting tension following incremental releases were 24.5 N and 12.2 N in the MCL and LCL, respectively, using specimen-specific calibrations.These results suggest shear wave tensiometry is a promising method to objectively measure the tension reduction in released structures. Clinical Significance: Direct, objective measurements of the tension changes in individual ligaments following release could enhance surgical precision during soft tissue balancing in TKA. Thus, shear wave tensiometry could help surgeons reduce the risk of poor outcomes associated with overly tight ligaments, including residual knee pain and stiffness.

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Shear wave speeds track axial stress in porcine collateral ligaments

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

A Kalman Filter Approach for Estimating Tendon Wave Speed from Skin-Mounted Accelerometers

A Kalman Filter Approach for Estimating Tendon Wave Speed from Skin-Mounted Accelerometers

Anterior and Posterior Bundles of Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament of Knee Joint: Achieving Balanced Structural Behaviors with Different Material Properties

Shear wave tensiometry tracks reductions in collateral ligament tension due to incremental releases

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