Shear Velocity Evidence of Upper Crustal Magma Storage Beneath Valles Caldera

Wilgus, Justin; Schmandt, Brandon; Maguire, Ross; Jiang, Chengxin; Chaput, Julien

doi:10.1029/2022gl101520

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 61 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Research over the past century led to this duality between volcanic and plutonic rocks (see Lundstrom & Glazner, 2016, for a review). Seismic imaging of most recent silicic volcanic fields with rhyolite eruptions shows Vs ∼ 2.8–3.2 km/s at a depth of 4–20 km (Pritchard & Gregg, 2016; Wilgus et al., 2023; and references therein). With cooling and densification over time, the Vs increases to ∼3.3–3.5 km/s for plutonic rocks at ∼400 MPa lithostatic pressure (Christensen, 1996; Kern et al., 2001) as observed here in the depth 8–17 km.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic Magma Chamber in the Deccan Traps Imaged Using Receiver Functions and Surface Wave Dispersion

Saha,

Kumar,

Chaubey

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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An anomalous crust and lithospheric mantle in the Deccan Volcanic Province are imaged below a 160 km long W‐E profile through the joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion. The upper crust has an unusually low S‐wave velocity (Vs ∼ 3.3–3.5 km/s) at 8–17 km depth, underlying a 4 km thick high‐velocity layer (Vs > 3.8 km/s). The low velocity possibly represents the frozen magma reservoir, the source for the magma eruption at ∼65 Ma due to the interaction of the Reunion plume with India. The shallow, high‐velocity layer could be basaltic mafic intrusions responsible for the production of massive CO2 degassing. The Moho deepens beneath the west coast to ∼45 km due to 10–15 km of magma underplating. The mantle plume scar is seen as thinned lithosphere (80–100 km), with the presence of long‐lived low‐velocity layers in the shallow mantle attributed to the presence of sulfide melts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic Magma Chamber in the Deccan Traps Imaged Using Receiver Functions and Surface Wave Dispersion

Saha,

Kumar,

Chaubey

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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Ten Thousand Years of Magma Storage Preceding the Last Caldera-Forming Eruption of the Bandelier Magmatic System, New Mexico, USA

Meszaros,

Gardner,

Zimmerer

et al. 2023

Journal of Petrology

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In this study, we present new evidence for changes in magma storage conditions that preceded the 1232 ka caldera-forming eruption of the Bandelier magmatic system in the Jemez Mountains Volcanic Field. Using high precision 40Ar/39Ar sanidine dating we determine that at least eight rhyolites erupted within 8.6 ± 3.4 kyr of the ~400 km3 eruption that formed Valles caldera. Some of those rhyolites contain fayalite with or without biotite, others contain only biotite. An eruption of fayalite-bearing rhyolite at 1240.5 ± 2.1 ka ended an eruption hiatus of at least 100 kyr. Following that first post-hiatus episode of volcanism, at least four more eruptions of fayalite-bearing rhyolite and three eruptions of biotite-bearing rhyolite occurred prior to the caldera-forming eruption. We use phase equilibrium experiments and geothermobarometry to infer the storage conditions and processes that led to these differing crystal cargos and ultimately generated ~400 km3 of predominantly fayalite rhyolite ignimbrite (Tshirege Member of the Bandelier Tuff). We find that biotite-bearing rhyolites were stored at 695-750°C, 75-160 MPa, and at an oxygen fugacity more oxidizing than the quartz-fayalite-magnetite (QFM) buffer reaction. Fayalite-bearing rhyolites were similarly stored at 695-745°C and 70-190 MPa, but at more reducing conditions (${f}_{O_2}$≤ QFM). We suggest that the reduced, fayalite-bearing rhyolite was most likely produced via interaction of crystal-poor rhyolitic magma with a reducing, potentially Cl-bearing, and H2O-rich supercritical fluid phase. This fluid flux event was a key component of the substantial magmatic rejuvenation that enabled the mobilization of ~400 km3 of mostly fayalite-bearing rhyolite prior to not only the Tshirege event, but the older Otowi event as well.

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Seismic Tomography 2024

Fichtner,

Kennett,

Tsai

et al. 2024

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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Seismic tomography is the most abundant source of information about the internal structure of the Earth at scales ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers. It constrains the properties of active volcanoes, earthquake fault zones, deep reservoirs and storage sites, glaciers and ice sheets, or the entire globe. It contributes to outstanding societal problems related to natural hazards, resource exploration, underground storage, and many more. The recent advances in seismic tomography are being translated to nondestructive testing, medical ultrasound, and helioseismology. Nearly 50 yr after its first successful applications, this article offers a snapshot of modern seismic tomography. Focused on major challenges and particularly promising research directions, it is intended to guide both Earth science professionals and early-career scientists. The individual contributions by the coauthors provide diverse perspectives on topics that may at first seem disconnected but are closely tied together by a few coherent threads: multiparameter inversion for properties related to dynamic processes, data quality, and geographic coverage, uncertainty quantification that is useful for geologic interpretation, new formulations of tomographic inverse problems that address concrete geologic questions more directly, and the presentation and quantitative comparison of tomographic models. It remains to be seen which of these problems will be considered solved, solved to some extent, or practically unsolvable over the next decade.

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Shear Velocity Evidence of Upper Crustal Magma Storage Beneath Valles Caldera

Cited by 4 publications

References 61 publications

Cryptic Magma Chamber in the Deccan Traps Imaged Using Receiver Functions and Surface Wave Dispersion

Cryptic Magma Chamber in the Deccan Traps Imaged Using Receiver Functions and Surface Wave Dispersion

Ten Thousand Years of Magma Storage Preceding the Last Caldera-Forming Eruption of the Bandelier Magmatic System, New Mexico, USA

Seismic Tomography 2024

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