Shear mode crack growth and rolling contact fatigue

The effect of plasticity on incipient mixed‐mode fatigue crack growth

“…Bold et al 5 present a series of tests performed on ‘rail’ steel under sequential mode I and mode II loading. It was shown that, if the tensile stress range was dropped below about one‐half of the shear stress range, the crack growth switched from co‐planar to branch growth.…”

“…Bold et al 5 performed a series of tests in which the tensile and shear loads were applied sequentially. Biaxial cruciform specimens made of ‘rail’ steel were used in these tests.…”

A review of using thermoelasticity for structural integrity assessment

“…The most complete research program in investigating mixed mode cracks was published by Tomlinson and Marsavina [20]. They grow real mixed mode cracks under successive loading using method developed by Bold et al [21] and then record thermoelastic data under a reduced sinusoidal load range, e.g. in Fig.…”

Analysis of fatigue phenomena in railway rails and wheels

“…Bower assumed that fluid can lubricate the crack, allowing mode II displacement to reach the crack tip (Fig. Bower's results were summarized by Bold, Brown and Allen [23]. 19(a)).…”

“…Bold, Brown and Allen [23] provided an experimental evidence for the above-mentioned assumption that shallow-angled cracks in the lubricated crack model or the fluid entrapment crack model grow in the direction of maximum radial shear stress adjacent to the crack tip. Cruciform specimens made of rail steel (Fig.…”