Shear‐induced crystallization of injection molded vetiver grass‐polypropylene composites

Somnuk, Usa; Suppakarn, Nitinat; Sutapun, Wimonlak; Ruksakulpiwat, Yupaporn

doi:10.1002/app.30459

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The melting temperature ( T m ) and heat of fusion (▵ H f ) of the composite samples were determined from the peak maximum and the area under the peak, respectively. The degree of crystallinity of PP/potato starch biocomposites and the PP phase was calculated using the following equation 14 –18…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ethylene vinyl acetate on physico-mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene and starch biocomposites

Ramaraj

Shit

Nayak

2012

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as compatibilizer on physico-mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP)/starch composites. PP/starch composites were prepared by the extrusion of PP resin with potato starch in co-rotating twin-screw extruder by varying starch content from 5 to 20%, where the EVA content was 10 wt% based upon potato starch. It was found that with the increase in starch content from 0 to 20% in the PP matrix, the tensile elongation increased from 19.77 to 32.0%, moisture content increased from 0.013 to 0.062%, water absorption increased from 0.035 to 0.181% and density increased from 0.912 to 0.985 g/cm3, however, the tensile, flexural and impact properties, Rockwell hardness, melt flow index and vicat softening point were found to decrease linearly. Similarly, the incorporation of starch with EVA has reduced the melting temperature of PP matrix from 162.3 to 158.55°C, the heat of fusion (▵H f) of PP matrix decreased from 66.52 to 27.05 J/g and so is the percentage crystallization, decreased from 31.83 to 21.45% with increase in starch content from 0 to 20 wt% in the PP matrix.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ethylene vinyl acetate on physico-mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene and starch biocomposites

Ramaraj

Shit

Nayak

2012

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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“…The melting temperature ( T m ) and heat of fusion (Δ H f ) of the composite samples were determined from the peak maximum and the area under the peak, respectively. The degree of crystallinity of PP/potato starch biocomposites and the virgin PP matrix was calculated using the following equation 22–26: where Δ H f is the latent heat of fusion of the composite sample, Δ H f100 is the latent heat of fusion of a PP with 100% crystallinity (207.1 J/g 27), and W is the weight fraction of PP in the composite. The heat of fusion is corrected by taking into account only the PP content in the composite.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypropylene and potato starch biocomposites: Physicomechanical and thermal properties

Roy

Ramaraj

Shit

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To determine the possibility of using starch as biodegradable filler in the thermoplastic polymer matrix, starch-filled polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by extrusion of PP resin with 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt % of potato starch in corotating twin-screw extruder. The extruded strands were cut into pellets and injection molded to make test specimens. These specimens were tested for physicomechanical properties such as tensile and flexural properties, Izod impact strength, density, and water absorption. These PP composites were further characterized by melt flow index (MFI), vicat softening point (VSP), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. It was found that, with increase in starch content, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of the PP composites increased along with the increase in moisture, water absorption, and density, while retaining the VSP; but, tensile strength and elongation, impact strength, hardness, and MFI of the PP composites also decreased. DSC analysis of the PP composite revealed the reduction in melting temperature, heat of fusion, and percentage of crystallization of PP with increase in starch content. Similarly, TGA traces display enhanced thermal degradability for PP as starch content increases.

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“…9 Also, it is well-known that during the crystallization of fiber-reinforced polymer, the reinforcing fibers could influence the crystallization process mainly exhibiting nucleation activity, crystal growth rate, and possibly initiating trans-crystallization. [10][11][12][13][14] Choudhury 15 has investigated the isothermal crystallization behavior of sisal fiberreinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. Because of strong nucleating ability of sisal fibers, it was found the sisal fiber/HDPE composites had higher crystallization rate than that of HDPE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melting and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of polypropylene/hemp fiber composites

Niu

Wang

Liu

et al. 2011

Journal of Composite Materials

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Melting and nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of polypropylene (PP) and PP/hemp fibers (HFs) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The results show that the incorporation of HFs increases both the melting temperature (T m ) and crystallization temperature (T c ) of PP. Moreover, in comparison with PP/HF(70/30) composite, the addition of maleic anhydride-grafted PP (PP-MAH) results in a slight decrease in T m but a significant increase in T c of PP. The higher T c of PP in the composites implies that HFs could act as nucleating agents for the crystallization of PP. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics analysis was performed using Avrami and Mo models. The values of half-time (t 1/2 ) and rate constant indicate that the crystallization rate increases with the increasing of cooling rate for all the specimens. However, the crystallization rate of PP/HF(70/30) composite is found to be lower than that of PP at a certain cooling rate. Additionally, the composite containing PP-MAH has the lowest crystallization rate. Lower overall crystallization rate of PP/HF composites compared to PP is probably due to sufficiently high density of nuclei, which hinders the transport of PP molecular chains to crystal surface during nonisothermal crystallization. The crystallization activation energies (ÁE) determined by Kissinger method are 207.4 KJ/m 2 , 218.5 KJ/m 2 , and 220.4 kJ/m 2 for PP, PP/HF(70/30), and PP/HF/PP-MAH(70/30/5), respectively.

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Shear‐induced crystallization of injection molded vetiver grass‐polypropylene composites

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of ethylene vinyl acetate on physico-mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene and starch biocomposites

Effect of ethylene vinyl acetate on physico-mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene and starch biocomposites

Polypropylene and potato starch biocomposites: Physicomechanical and thermal properties

Melting and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of polypropylene/hemp fiber composites

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