Shear Bond Strength and Film Thickness of a Naturally Antimicrobial Modified Dental Luting Cement

Abstract

Although several natural plants and mixtures have been known and used over the centuries for their antibacterial activity, few have been thoroughly explored in the field of dentistry. Thus, the aim of this study was to enhance the antimicrobial activity of a conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) with natural plant extracts. The effect of this alteration on the bond strength and film thickness of glass ionomer cement was evaluated and related to an 0.5% chlorohexidine modified GIC. Olive leaves (Olea europaea), Fig tree (Ficus carica), and the leaves and roots of Miswak (Salvadora persica) were used to prepare an alcoholic extract mixture. The prepared extract mixture after the evaporation of the solvent was used to modify a freeze-dried glass ionomer cement at three different extracts: water mass ratios 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1. An 0.5% chlorhexidine diacetate powder was added to a conventional GIC for the preparation of a positive control group (CHX-GIC) for comparison. The bond strength to dentine was assessed using a material-testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Failure mode was analyzed using a stereomicroscope at 12× magnification. The cement film thickness was evaluated in accordance with ISO standard 9917-1. The minimum number of samples in each group was n = 10. Statistical analysis was performed using a Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test for pairwise comparison. There was a statistically insignificant difference between the median shear bond strength (p = 0.046) of the control group (M = 3.4 MPa), and each of the CHX-GIC (M = 1.7 MPa), and the three plant modified groups of 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 (M = 5.1, 3.2, and 4.3 MPa, respectively). The CHX-GIC group showed statistically significant lower median values compared to the three plant-modified groups. Mixed and cohesive failure modes were predominant among all the tested groups. All the tested groups (p < 0.001) met the ISO standard of having less than 25 µm film thickness, with the 2:1 group (M = 24 µm) being statistically the highest among all the other groups. The plant extracts did not alter either the shear bond strength or the film thickness of the GIC and thus might represent a promising additive to GICs.

Antibacterial and Physicochemical Properties of Orthodontic Resin Cement Containing ZnO-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes

“…The particles, content, size, and shape of the filler can be considered factors that affect film thickness [36]. A thicker film thickness of the adhesive can affect the decrease in bonding strength, and previous studies have shown that the thinner the film thickness, the less load is removed during bracket debonding [37,38]. According to the TEM image analysis results, the particle sizes of ZnO and HNTs are 1-10 nm and 1 µm, respectively, indicating that HNTs are relatively larger than ZnO.…”

Effect of bacterial resistant zwitterionic derivative incorporation on the physical properties of resin-modified glass ionomer luting cement

“…During the bonding of the restoration, reducing the film thickness can also decrease the marginal discrepancies, which are essential for the complete seating and adaptation of the restoration. Furthermore, a thin film thickness reduces cement dissolution, intra-restoration plaque accumulation, and the progression of periodontal disease 43 . In the present study, RMC-I presented the most favorable thickness, with the incorporation of ZD being least affected by the ZD concentration.…”

Physicomechanical Characterization of a Novel Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Luting Cement Functionalized with a Phosphate Functional Monomer

“…The FT and proper adaption of the restoration are both directly impacted by the consistency of the luting agent. More time and force are required for proper restoration seating when using a luting agent with a high viscosity [48].…”