“…Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is widely accepted as an excellent material in structural strengthening and retrofitting because of its high strength-to-weight ratio, good corrosion resistance, and ease of installation (Teng et al, 2002, Teng et al, 2012Baji et al, 2016;Nie et al, 2020;Zhou et al, 2020a). Externally bonded (EB) FRP technique was used for flexural and shear strengthening (Bencardino et al, 2005;Bencardino et al, 2006;Chen et al, 2018;Benzeguir et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020). Generally, FRP laminates are used for flexural strengthening, and transverse FRP sheets are used for shear strengthening.…”