She-austerity. Precariedad y desigualdad laboral de las mujeres en el sur de Europa

Abstract

El artículo presenta un análisis comparativo y longitudinal de la situación de las mujeres en España, Portugal e Italia, desde el inicio de la crisis. Los objetivos específicos son: exponer el mercado laboral femenino en los tres países, examinar la presencia laboral de las mujeres desde la perspectiva de la precariedad y analizar la posición de mujeres y hombres en las relaciones de género desde la perspectiva de la desigualdad de género. La investigación se llevó a cabo mediante la técnica de análisis documental de fuentes secundarias de estadísticas oficiales. Se concluye que la crisis ha afectado a las mujeres de los países europeos del sur de manera similar por su mayor continuidad en el desempeño del rol de género tradicional, pero, a la vez, se observan algunas diferencias entre ellos como consecuencia de las diferentes estructuras económicas, legislaciones laborales y protección social.

Between Social Protests and a Global Pandemic: Working Transitions under the Economic Effects of COVID-19

“…On the other hand, working women who became inactive for family reasons were mostly in a couple, with children, and economically depended on their partners. The literature has already pointed out how economic crises can have adverse effects on progress towards gender equality, as was the case in Spain and Greece during the 2008 economic crisis (Alcañiz and Monteiro 2016;Hozic and True 2016;Sani 2018). European countries' austerity plans to cope with the recent economic crisis have severely cut social welfare and social programs that ensured gender equality and support for women (Hermann 2017;Karamessini and Rubery 2013).…”

“…The recent economic crisis of 2008-2009 affected mainly cyclical occupations where most men work (Bredemeier et al 2017), but in the short term, male employment recovered more quickly than female employment (Taylor et al 2011). Researchers on the gender impact of economic crisis have stated that the financial crisis of 2008 had adverse effects on the progress towards inequality in Europe (Alcañiz and Monteiro 2016;Hozic and True 2016;Sani 2018), especially because the austerity programs proposed by European and U.S. governments to face the crisis ended up undermining important employment and social welfare protections that ensured gender equality (Hermann 2017;Karamessini and Rubery 2013).…”

Caught in the wave

“…During the 2008-2014 crisis, women reported much more than men that the economic crisis had a negative impact on them (Karamessini and Rubery 2013;Durbin et al 2017). The term 'She-Austerity' was crafted to convey that it was among Southern European women that most of the severe impacts of the crisis were felt (Alcañiz and Monteiro 2016). Some of these impacts, with implications to the #MeToo movement' agendas, were an increase in violence towards women, more precariousness in the labor market, and an overall greater compliance with traditional gender roles (Prata, Freire and Women, Gender & Research Caught in the wave?…”

Employment Insecurity and Material Deprivation in Families with Children in the Post-Great Recession Period: An Analysis for Spain and Portugal

“…These two southern European countries share many characteristics and backgrounds, among which the great relevance of the family as a provider of well-being, the labour market segmentation by age, having had a dictatorial regime for a large part of the twentieth century, or not having joined the European Union until the mid-1980s (Gutiérrez, 2014 ; Karamessini, 2008 ). Despite their similarities, they also present some differences in terms of family policies and the participation of women in the labour market that may have been determining factors in the vulnerability of families to the increase in job precariousness and unemployment (Alcañiz et al., 2016 ; Escobedo & Wall, 2015 ; Tavora, 2012 ; Wall & Escobedo, 2011 ). This paper addresses the following research questions: How has the incidence of household employment insecurity on children's risk of exposure to material deprivation evolved after the Great Recession?…”