Sharing the Same Perspective. Mental Disorders and Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Systematic Review of Evidence from 2010 to 2020

Pandolfo, Gianluca; Genovese, Giovanni; Bruno, Antonio; Palumbo, Diletta; Poli, Umberto; Gangemi, Sebastiano; Aragona, Pasquale; Meduri, Alessandro

doi:10.3390/biomedicines9081067

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…[ 26 ] A recent meta-analysis reports diplopia, blurred vision, and amblyopia with these drugs. [ 37 ] Previously, a role of serotonin, dopamine, and melatonin has been demonstrated in CSC,[ 12 38 39 ] while GABA has a role in the circadian rhythm and obstructive sleep apnea. [ 40 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The associations between central serous chorioretinopathy and muscle relaxants: A case–control study

Jain¹,

Garg²,

Chaudhary³

et al. 2022

Taiwan J Ophthalmol

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of muscle-relaxants as risk factors for the development of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) - the second most common retinopathy in our settings; despite multiple risk factors seen in our patients, 21% were initially labelled as idiopathic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective case-control study at a tertiary hospital in the United Arab Emirates, where we reviewed the medical records of 273 patients with CSC examined between 2010 and 2019 for use of muscle-relaxants including tolperisone/eperisone, carisoprodol and gabapentin/pregabalin within a year of onset/recurrence of the disease. Intake of drugs with known association with CSC (including corticosteroids/sympathomimetics) was also recorded. Two hundred eighty-six subjects with adverse events seen at the same institute during the same study period served as controls. Odds ratios, Chi-Square tests and multivariate logistic regression were carried out to determine any associations with the muscle-relaxants and other pharmacological confounders - corticosteroids/sympathomimetics. RESULTS: Muscle relaxants may increase the risk of CSC as evident on multivariate regression analysis (OR: 2.55; confidence interval [CI]: 1.208-5.413); the significance was retained on removing the 6 subjects who had corticosteroids/sympathomimetics (OR: 2.30; CI: 1.073–4.939). Univariate analysis yielded an OR of 2.52 for muscle relaxants (CI: 1.2149–5.2276), 2.96 for eperisone/tolperisone (CI: 1.3531–6.5038), and 6.26 for eperisone as an individual agent (CI: 1.8146–21.6252). CONCLUSION: We found muscle relaxants to be associated factors of CSC regardless of inclusion of corticosteroids/sympathomimetics ( P < 0.05). Among individual classes of muscle relaxants in this study, only eperisone/tolperisone posed a significant risk ( P < 0.05). The vascular smooth muscle relaxation could be the possible mechanism that affects the choroidal blood flow and indirectly predisposes to CSC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The associations between central serous chorioretinopathy and muscle relaxants: A case–control study

Jain¹,

Garg²,

Chaudhary³

et al. 2022

Taiwan J Ophthalmol

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“…CSC is a chorioretinal disease characterized by focal or multifocal serous retinal detachment at the macula due to choroidal vascular hyperpermeability and RPE dysfunction [ 9 ]. Many studies reported an association between CSC and certain personality traits and mental disorders [ 9 , 17 , 18 ]. While many CSC resolve spontaneously within 3-4 months, a subgroup of patients have persistent and recurrent subretinal fluid (SRF) leading to permanent RPE and photoreceptors damage and retinal atrophy [ 9 ].…”

Section: Efficacy Of Photodynamic Therapy In Different Pachychoroid Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contemporary Role of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Pachychoroid Diseases

Chan

et al. 2021

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Recent advances in retinal imaging technology have improved our understanding in the pathogenesis and evolvement of various chorioretinal diseases. Central serous chorioretinopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy are now recognized to belong to the same spectrum of disorders known as pachychoroid diseases. Pachychoroid diseases have similar pathogenesis pathway and common characteristics of thickened choroid, dilated outer choroidal vessels, and thinning of choriocapillaris. More disease entities have been identified to belong to this disease spectrum. Photodynamic therapy can induce choroidal hypoperfusion, remodeling of abnormal choroidal vessels, and reduction of choroidal congestion. It is known to be an effective treatment for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Many new studies are being performed to investigate its efficacy in other pachychoroid diseases. In this review, we provided an overview of the rationale, efficacy, and treatment strategies of photodynamic therapy in different pachychoroid diseases and discussed its role in the management along with other treatment modalities with most updated clinical evidence.

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“…The most consistent risk factor is an exposure to glucocorticoids [ 3 ]. Several other predisposing factors or contributing factors have been identified as: psychological stress, anxiety and maladaptive personality [ 4 , 5 ], hypertension and cardiovascular disease, sleep disturbance and shift work [ 6 ], allergic disorders, pregnancy, peptic ulcer disease and also genetic risk factors [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-Phase Hyperfluorescent Plaques Seen on Indocyanine Green Angiography in Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Bousquet

Provost

Zola

et al. 2021

JCM

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(1) Indocyanine green angiography (ICG-A) shows the presence of mid-phase hyperfluorescent area in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). However, their exact meaning remains uncertain. (2) The clinical and multimodal imaging findings of 100 patients (133 eyes) with CSCR, including the enhanced-depth-imaging OCT (EDI-OCT), blue-light fundus autofluorescence (BAF), fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography (FA and ICG-A) findings were reviewed. Mid-phase hyperfluorescent plaques (MPHP) were defined as fairly well circumscribed hyperfluorescent regions during the midphase of the ICG-A. The association between MPHP and other clinical/imaging parameters was assessed using a multiple logistic regression analysis. (3) MPHP were detected in 59.4% of eyes with CSCR. The chronic form of the disease, the presence of irregular pigment epithelium detachments (PED) and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes seen on FA were associated with the presence of MPHP in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.015; p = 0.018 and p = 0.002; respectively). OCT showed RPE bulges or PED in 98.7% of areas with MPHP and BAF showed changes in 57.3% of areas with MPHP. (4) MPHP were associated with a chronic form of CSCR and colocated with PED or RPE bulges. MPHP should be recognized as a sign of early RPE dysfunction before it is detected with BAF.

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Sharing the Same Perspective. Mental Disorders and Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Systematic Review of Evidence from 2010 to 2020

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

The associations between central serous chorioretinopathy and muscle relaxants: A case–control study

The associations between central serous chorioretinopathy and muscle relaxants: A case–control study

The Contemporary Role of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Pachychoroid Diseases

Mid-Phase Hyperfluorescent Plaques Seen on Indocyanine Green Angiography in Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

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