Sharing Medical Questionnaries based on Blockchain

The Current State of Research, Challenges, and Future Research Directions of Blockchain Technology in Patient Care: Systematic Review

“…Most of the research reviewed focused on blockchain’s use to strengthen HIT security or patients’ privacy during health data exchange or access; 53% (37/70) papers focused on addressing patients’ lack of control over the privacy and security of their data [ 10 - 46 ], and 40% (28/70) papers addressed blockchain’s ability to prevent data tampering [ 10 , 12 , 21 , 25 , 33 , 34 , 37 , 38 , 40 - 44 , 46 - 60 ]. Data breaches were addressed in 37% (26/70) papers [ 15 , 18 , 19 , 22 , 24 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 36 - 38 , 43 , 44 , 54 , 56 - 66 ], 9% (6/70) papers mentioned malicious attacks (eg, impersonation) that blockchain could potentially resolve [ 17 , 34 , 44 , 56 , 60 , 67 ], and 4% (3/70) papers focused on how blockchain can preserve patients’ anonymity while third parties accessed their health and medical records for activities such as medical research [ 41 , 42 , 68 ].…”

“…Interoperability is the ability of different information systems, devices, and applications ( systems ) to access, exchange, integrate, and cooperatively use data in a coordinated manner, within and across organizational, regional, and national boundaries, to provide timely and seamless portability of information [ 69 ]. Given that HIT infrastructure might vary by hospital, department, and other structural divisions, HIT incompatibility may arise when data transfer is attempted across these systems, as in the case of HIE; 9% (6/70) papers evaluated blockchain’s use for resolving the poor incompatibility of existing HIT [ 21 , 22 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 55 ], and 4% (3/70) papers focused on how blockchain can address the poor integration of large volumes of data from different sources [ 26 , 37 , 61 ]. One challenge to interoperability is the waiting time for data to be updated, affecting the temporal facet of interoperability and real-time access.…”

“…The EMR differs from the EHR as it focuses on the internal medical domain of health organizations and is not integrated between health care providers. Blockchain’s use for EHRs, EMRs, and other record systems in which records are originated and controlled by providers was discussed in 51% (36/70) papers [ 11 , 14 - 21 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 35 - 37 , 40 , 42 - 44 , 46 , 49 , 53 , 55 , 59 , 60 , 63 , 67 , 68 , 72 - 74 , 76 - 78 , 84 ]. Using blockchain to integrate various health record systems (EHR, EMR, PHR, etc), mHealth, and telemedicine platforms can contribute to patient empowerment and patient engagement by providing a synchronized view of patient information to patients and health care providers, to support patient decision making and control.…”

Applications of blockchain in ensuring the security and privacy of electronic health record systems: A survey

“…In some studies ( Azaria, Ekblaw, Vieira, Lippman, 2016 , Kim, Lee, Kwon, Kim, Kim, 2018 , Peterson, Deeduvanu, Kanjamala, Boles, 2016 ), they adopted the Health Level Seven International (FHIR) as data specification and standard formats for data exchange between different organizations. The criterion was created by HL7 healthcare standards organization.…”

“… Kim et al. (2018) introduced medical questionnaire management system, in which data can be interoperable with other systems based on HL7 FHIR.…”