Shared Situational Awareness in Emergency Management Mitigation and Response

Harrald, John R.; Jefferson, Theresa I.

doi:10.1109/hicss.2007.481

Cited by 65 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For disaster and emergency response managers to perform effectively during an event, some of their greatest needs include quality communication capabilities and high levels of situational awareness [2][3][4]. Reports from on-scene coordinators, first responders, public safety officials, the news media, and the affected population can provide managers with point data about an emergency, but those on-scene reports are often inaccurate, conflicting and incomplete with gaps in geographical and temporal coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Situational Awareness: Application of DDDAS Concepts to Emergency and Disaster Management

Madey

Barabási

Chawla

et al. 2007

Computational Science – ICCS 2007

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Abstract. We describe a prototype emergency and disaster information system designed and implemented using DDDAS concepts. The system is designed to use real-time cell phone calling data from a geographical region, including calling activity -who calls whom, call duration, services in use, and cell phone location information -to provide enhanced situational awareness for managers in emergency operations centers (EOCs) during disaster events. Powered-on cell phones maintain contact with one or more within-range cell towers so as to receive incoming calls. Thus, location data about all phones in an area are available, either directly from GPS equipped phones, or by cell tower, cell sector, distance from tower and triangulation methods. This permits the cell phones of a geographical region to serve as an ad hoc mobile sensor net, measuring the movement and calling patterns of the population. A prototype system, WIPER, serves as a test bed to research open DDDAS design issues, including dynamic validation of simulations, algorithms to interpret high volume data streams, ensembles of simulations, runtime execution, middleware services, and experimentation frameworks [1].

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Situational Awareness: Application of DDDAS Concepts to Emergency and Disaster Management

Madey

Barabási

Chawla

et al. 2007

Computational Science – ICCS 2007

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“…Other activities such as emergency planning involve a number of sub activities that require extensive geocollaboration (Schafer et al 2007). To manage such distributed activities, and sometimes fast-evolving situations, emergency managers require collaborative tools that can augment their situational awareness and allow rapid sharing of vital information (Oosterom et al 2005;Andrienko et al 2007;Harrald and Jefferson 2007;Graves 2004). Furthermore, because geo-spatial context is implicit in many types of emergency situations and disasters, effective EMR requires sharing of 53 Big Board: Teleconferencing Over Maps for Shared Awareness geographic information, support for geospatial analytics, and collaborative decision making (Cai et al 2005;Tomaszewski et al 2007).…”

Section: Emergency Management and Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Big Board: Teleconferencing Over Maps for Shared Situational Awareness

Heard

Thakur

Losego

et al. 2013

Comput Supported Coop Work

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Abstract. Collaborative technologies for information sharing are an invaluable resource for emergency managers to respond to and manage highly dynamic events such as natural disasters and other emergencies. However, many standard collaboration tools can be limited either because they provide passive presentation and dissemination of information, or because they are targeted towards highly specific usage scenarios that require considerable training to use the tools. We present a realtime gather and share system called "Big Board" which facilitates collaboration over maps. The Big Board is an open-source, web based, real time visual collaborative environment that runs on all modern web browsers and uses open-source web standards developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and WorldWideWeb Consortium (W3C). An evaluation of Big Board was conducted by school representatives in North Carolina for use in situational understanding for school closure decisions during winter weather events. The decision to close schools has major societal impacts and is one that is usually made based on how well a teenage driver could handle wintry precipitation on a road. Collecting information on the conditions of roads is especially critical, however gathering and sharing of this information within a county can be difficult. Participants in the study found the Big Board intuitive and useful for sharing real time information, such as road conditions and temperatures, leading up to and during a winter storm scenario. We have adapted the Big Board to manage risks and hazards during other types of emergencies such as tropical storm conditions.

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“…Shared situational awareness leading to a shared common operating picture [9,10,17,24] are considered foundational to agile, disciplined, and effective emergency and disaster response [16]. However, the larger the disaster the more agencies respond, and the more complex is the coordination of action [7,18].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%